Chemistry

• Chemistry is the study of matter and its properties, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes.
• Chemistry is an active and constantly growing science; its importance is vital in our world and in our daily lives.
• Chemistry plays an important role in technological development.
• Chemistry is the study of matter, and other sciences are allied with it, some of its basic chemical principles are needed to understand biology and physics.
• Chemistry is needed in applied sciences like medicine, nursing, nutrition, psychology, dentistry, medical technology, and x-ray technology.
• Inorganic Chemistry deals with the study of substances that do not have Carbon as its elemental component.
• Organic Chemistry is the study of substances that possess Carbon among its elemental components.
• Physical Chemistry studies the structure, energy, and transformation of substances from one state of matter to another; of interaction of one body with another; etc.
• Biochemistry involves the study of the chemical processes of and relating to living organisms.
• Food Chemistry is concerned with food analysis.
• Foodstuff such as meat, poultry, vegetables and fruits are all made up of chemicals: chemicals such as vitamins, minerals, enzymes.
• Food Chemistry also embraces food processing techniques and how to enhance helpful processes i.e., fermentation of dairy products, or prevent harmful ones i.e., the development of food poisons as a result of action of microorganisms.
• A model is a simplified, not an exact, representation of some aspect of nature that we use to predict related phenomena.
• Ongoing experimentation refines the model to account for new facts.
• Formulating conceptual models, or theories, based on experiments that test hypotheses about observations distinguishes scientific thinking from speculation.
• Substances differ from one another in composition and can be identified by their appearance, smell, taste, and other properties.
• Experiments always produce new observations, and this brings the process back to the beginning again.
• To understand a given phenomenon, these steps are repeated many times, gradually accumulating the knowledge necessary to provide a possible explanation of the phenomenon.
• Agricultural Chemistry is the study of the principles governing aspects of crop and animal production and related activities such as the production of fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, etc.
• Observations may be qualitative (the sky is blue; water is a liquid) or quantitative (water boils at 100 0C; a certain chemistry book weigh 2 kg).
• Theories inevitably change as more information becomes available.
• A quantitative observation (called a measurement) involves both a number and a unit.
• Mixtures can be separated into pure substances by physical methods.
• An observation is something that is witnessed and can be recorded.
• Pure Substance is a form of matter that has a definite (constant) composition and distinct properties.
• A theory is an interpretation - a possible explanation of why nature behaves in a particular way.
• A hypothesis is a possible explanation for an observation.
• An experiment is carried out to test a hypothesis.
• Mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities.
• Matter includes things we can see and touch (such as water, earth, and trees), as well as things we cannot (such as air).
• Element is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical or physical means.
• A qualitative observation does not involve a number.
• Compound is a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions.
• A theory, which is often called a model, is a set of tested hypotheses that gives an overall explanation of some natural phenomena.
• As hypotheses are revised according to experimental results, a model emerges to explain how the phenomenon occurs.
• Agricultural Chemistry is directed toward control of those processes to increase yields, improve quality, and reduce costs.
• Science is a framework for gaining and organizing knowledge.
• Chemistry is a science based on observation and experimentation.
• Observation is the facts our ideas must explain and can be gathered thru the senses, like what you see, hear, feel, and touch.
• Hypothesis is a proposal made to explain an observation and a sound hypothesis need not be correct, but it must be testable by experiment.