topic 2

• Jesuits promoted meteorological studies founding Manila observatory at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1865.
• The Stone Age in the Philippines was marked by the arrival of modern humans from the Asian mainland around 48,000 B.C.
• These early settlers formed settlements in Sulu, Davao, Zamboanga, Samar, Negros, Batangas, Laguna, Rizal, Bulacan, and Cagayan.
• During the Stone Age, Filipinos made simple tools and weapons of stone flakes and developed the method of sawing and polishing stones around 40,000 B.C.
• By around 3,000 B.C., they were producing adzes, ornaments of seashells, and pottery.
• Pottery flourished for the next 2,000 years until the importation of Chinese porcelain.
• Soon after, Filipinos learned to produce copper, bronze, iron, and gold metal tools and ornaments.
• The Iron Age in the Philippines lasted from the 3rd century B.C. to the 11th century A.D.
• During the Iron Age, Filipinos were engaged in the extraction, smelting, and refining of iron from ores, until the importation of cast iron from Sarawak and later from China.
• Filipinos learned to weave cotton, make glass ornaments, and cultivate lowland rice and dike fields of terraced fields utilizing spring water in mountain regions.
• They also learned to build boats for trading purposes.
• Spanish chronicles noted refined plank-built warships called caracoa suited for interisland trade raids.
• By the 10th century A.D., Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with Champa (Vietnam) and those from Ma-i (Mindoro) with China as noted in Chinese records containing several references to the Philippines.
• These archaeological findings indicated that regular trade relations between the Philippines, China, and Vietnam had been well established from the 10th century to the 15th century A.D.
• Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with Champa (Vietnam) and those from Ma-i (Mindoro) with China as noted in Chinese records containing several references to the Philippines.
• The expanded world trade and commerce in the later part of the 19th century led to the rapid development of Manila as a cosmopolitan center.
• Successive shipwrecks of and attacks of pirates on the galleons led to declining profits from the trade that led to economic depression in Manila during the later part of the 17th century.
• Higher education was generally viewed with suspicion as encouraging rebellion among native Filipinos and thus only few daring students were able to undertake higher studies.
• Leon Ma. Guerrero, considered the father of Philippine Pharmacy due to his works on Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, was among the first six graduated from the school of pharmacy.
• In 1871 the school of medicine and pharmacy were opened to UST, after 15 years it had granted the degree of Licenciado en Medicina to 62 graduates.
• There were no schools for engineering but they offered a four-year course for pilot of merchant marine that includes the subjects: Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Physics, Hydrography, Meteorology, Navigation, Pilotage.
• San Juan Lazaro Hospital, the oldest in the Far East, was founded in 1578 during the 17th and 18th Century.
• Modern amenities such as steam tramways, waterworks, newspaper, electric lights, banking system were introduced in the 19th century.
• The Spanish regime in the late 16th Century saw the development of schools such as Colegio de San Ildefonso in Cebu in 1595, Colegio de San Ignacio in Manila in 1595, Colegio De Nuestra Senora del Rosario in Manila in 1597, and Colegio De San Jose in Manila in 1601.
• The society promoted cultivation of indigo, cotton, cinnamon, and silk.
• The Real Sociedad Economica de los Amigos Del Pais de Filipinas, founded by Governor Jose Basco y Vargas in 1780, encouraged research in agriculture and industry.
• In 1789 Manila was opened to Asian shipping, inaugurating an era of increase in export of rice, hemp, tobacco, sugar, and indigo, and imports of manufacturing goods.
• In 1863 the colonial authorities issued a royal degree to reform the existing educational system.