Cell division

• what is mitosis

  A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell, ensuring each new cell has the same genetic information as the original
• What is mitosis used for

  Asexual reproduction
• What is used for the growth and repair of tissues

  Mitosis
• The process of mitosis

  1️⃣before cell division the cell's DNA is duplicated forming two identical sets of chromosomes

  2️⃣during mitosis these chromosomes are separated and pulled to the opposite ends of the cell

  3️⃣the cell then divides resulting in two daughter cells each with a set of chromosomes identical to the parent cell
• Stages of mitosis

  1️⃣Prophase

  2️⃣metaphase

  3️⃣anaphase

  4️⃣telophase
• What is the prophase stage

  Chromosomes condense and becoming visible, nuclear membrane breaks down
• What is the metaphase stage

  Chromosomes line up in the centre of the cell
• What is the anaphase stage

  Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell
• What is the telophase stage

  chromosomes reach the other ends of the cell and a new nuclear membrane forms around them
• What is cytokinesis

  After mitosis the cytoplasm divides resulting in two seperate cells
• What is meiosis

  A type of cell division for sexual reproduction
• What is the purpose of meiosis

  creates gametes that have half the number of chromosomes compared to body cells
• What is a diploid cell

  They have two sets of chromosomes from 1 parent each
• What is a haploid cell

  Only have 1 set of chromosomes from each parent
• What does meiosis reduce

  Chromosome number from diploid to haploid, ensuring that during fertilisation the baby is born with the correct number of chromosomes
• Process of meiosis

  1️⃣involves two rounds of cell division

  2️⃣(round 1)chromosomes from each parent are separated and the cell divides into two daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes compared

  3️⃣(round 2)sister chromatids are separtes resulting in four haploid daughter cells
• What is genetic variation

  The differences of appearance/bodily functions between individuals
• How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation

  chromosomes can exchange DNA creating new combinations of genes

  Or

  The random alingment of chromosomes and the random separation of sister chromatids lead to different combinations in the gametes
• What are gametes

  Sex cells (sperm and egg)