Environmental Science

• Environmental Science historical focus of study: natural environment; encompasses all the fields of natural science.
• Environmental Science studies the atmosphere, the land, the water and their inhabitants as differentiated from the built environment.
• Modern environmental science has also found applications to the effusions from the built environment.
• Environmental engineering is manifest by sound engineering thought and practice in the solution of problems of environmental sanitation.
• Environmental Engineering concerned with engineering problems in the field of public health.
• Air Pollution is public health concern on the micro, meso, and macro scales.
• Indoor air pollution results from products used in construction materials, the inadequacy of general ventilation, and geophysical factors.
• Industrial and mobile sources contribute to mesoscale air pollution that contaminates the ambient air that surrounds us outdoors.
• Macroscale (or global) effects include transport of ambient air pollutants over large distances. Effects include acid rain and ozone pollution.
• Sulfur Oxides (SOx) and Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) a definite synergism exists whereby fine particulates carry absorbed SO2 to the LRT. The SO2 in the absence of particulates would be absorbed in the mucous membranes of the URT.
• Photochemical Oxidants (Secondary) result entirely from atmospheric reactions and

  are not direct emissions.
• Photochemical Oxidants formed through absorption of a photon by an

  atom, molecule.
• Ozone is the principal photochemical oxidant.
• Lead a cumulative poison.
• Volcanic activity and airborne soil are the

  primary natural sources of Lead
• Anthropogenic sources : incineration of lead-

  containing wastes, Smelters and refining processes
• Carbon Monoxide (CO) is the incomplete oxidation of carbon.
• Carbon monoxide the colorless, odorless gas is lethal to humans

  within a few minutes at concentrations

  exceeding 5000 ppm
• Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)
• Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN)