MCN MODULE 3

• Family planning is a basic human right that benefits everyone.
• Natural family planning involves avoiding artificial methods to prevent pregnancy and relying on normal physiologic practices
• Reproductive life planning includes all the decisions an individual or couple make about whether and when to have children, how many children to have, and how they are spaced.
• periodic abstinence methods involves no introduction of chemical or foreign material into the body or sustaining from sexual intercourse during a fertile period.
• Calendar (Rhythm) Method- requires a couple to abstain from coitus on the days of a menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to conceive (3 or 4 days before until 3 or 4 days after ovulation)
• Basal Body Temperature increases at ovulation
• Ovulation Monitoring - To determine this, a woman takes her temperature each morning, before getting out of bed or engaging in any activity, eating, or drinking, using a tympanic thermometer. She plots this daily temperature on a monthly graph, noticing conditions that might affect her temperature
• Cervical Mucus Method (Billing’s Method) - With ovulation (the peak day), cervical mucus becomes copious, thin, watery, and transparent. It feels slippery and stretches at least 1 inch before the strand breaks, a property known as spinnbarkeit
• Symptothermal Method - Combines both basal body temperature and cervical mucus observations with calendar information to identify the time of ovulation more accurately than either method alone
• Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)- is used by women who are breastfeeding exclusively and whose infants are less than six months old.
• Coitus Interruptus - also known as withdrawal. spermatozoa are emitted outside the vagina
• Oral contraceptives - are composed of varying amounts of synthetic estrogen combined with a small amount of synthetic progesterone
• Mini-pills - oral contraceptives containing only progestins. The content of progesterone thickens cervical mucus and helps prevent sperm cells entry into the uterine cervix
• Condoms - made from latex or polyurethane material that covers the penis during sexual intercourse. They can be worn on the male partner's penis or placed over the vulva of the female partner
• Emergency Postcoital Contraception - The high level of estrogen they contain apparently interferes with the production of progesterone, thereby prohibiting good implantation. Taken within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse. This is followed by two additional pills 12 hours later.
• Transdermal Contraception - refers to patches that slowly but continuously release a combination of estrogen and progesterone.
• vaginal ring - is a silicone ring that surrounds the cervix and continually releases a combination of estrogen and progesterone.
• Subdermal Implants - rods the size of pencil lead are embedded just under the skin on the inside of the upper arm.
• Injectable - a single IM injection of medroxyprogesterone acetate, given every 12 weeks inhibits ovulation, alters the endometrium, and changes the cervical mucus.
• intrauterine device is a small plastic object that is inserted into the uterus through the vagina.
• spermicide - is an agent that causes the death of spermatozoa before they can enter the cervix.
• Gels or creams - are inserted into the vagina before coitus with an applicator.
• diaphragm - is inserted into the vagina, after first coating the rim and center portion with a spermicide gel, by sliding it along the posterior wall and pressing it up against the cervix so that it is held in place by the vaginal fornices.
• cervical cap - is yet another barrier method of contraception. Caps are made of soft rubber, are shaped like a thimble with a thin rim, and fit snugly over the uterine cervix.
• Surgical methods of reproductive life planning - often called as sterilization. Many people choose this method because they are the most effective methods of contraception besides abstinence.
• vasectomy - a small incision or puncture wound is made on each side of the scrotum. The vas deferens at that point is then located, cut and tied, cauterized, or plugged, blocking the passage of spermatozoa
• it usually refers to a minor surgical procedure, such as tubal ligation where the fallopian tubes are occluded by cautery, crushing, clamping, or blocking, thereby preventing passage of both sperm and ova.
• laparoscopy- After a menstrual flow and before ovulation, an incision as small as 1 cm is made just under the woman's umbilicus with the woman under general or local anesthesia.
• culdoscopy - a tube inserted through the posterior fornix of the vagina
• Emergency Contraceptives - also known as morning-after pill. which can be used within 72 hours following unprotected sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy.