Cardiovascular system

    Cards (57)

    • The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
    • The heart valves prevent backflow of blood.
    • A defective heart valve can cause a heart murmur.
    • The heart is composed of tissues including blood vessels, heart muscle, heart valves, and heart chambers.
    • Blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries.
    • Arteries carry blood from the heart to the body, while veins carry blood back to the heart.
    • Capillaries exchange gases with tissues.
    • Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, and great veins are the different types of blood vessels.
    • Blood consists of red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leucocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes) in plasma.
    • Plasma is a fluid that contains a variety of dissolved substances and allows these substances to be transported from one location to another.
    • Plasma consists of water, electrolytes, plasma proteins, nutrients, gases, waste products, hormones, enzymes, antibodies.
    • Anaemia is a condition caused by a lack of red blood cells or a lack of iron which results in less haemoglobin.
    • Haemoglobin carries oxygen.
    • Less red blood cells circulating can lead to a lack of oxygen to the body.
    • The atria are the chambers of the heart where blood enters.
    • The main component of blood is called plasma, which consists mostly of water and aids in the temperature regulation of the body.
    • Platelets can be described as cell fragments that are responsible for blood clotting.
    • Increases the amount of space inside the sub 4 hemoglobin so there's loads of room for hemoglobin to occupy a red blood cell, aiding in transport as a function.
    • White blood cells help to prevent infection, for example, neutrophils which help engulf microorganisms.
    • Temperature regulation in blood involves changes when we are hot and cold, such as blood vessels widening when we are hot to allow heat to radiate from the surface of the skin, and narrowing when we are cold to conserve heat.
    • Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide.
    • The aorta is the major artery that takes blood from the heart to the body.
    • Systolic refers to the contraction of the heart.
    • The left ventricular wall is thicker than the right ventricular wall because it needs to pump blood around the whole body.
    • The composition of blood includes plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
    • Plasma is a yellow substance that makes up 55% of blood and 90% of it is water.
    • Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.
    • White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, produce antibodies and help prevent infection, engulf microorganisms, and destroy viruses and cancer cells.
    • Monocytes remove dead cells and antibacteria.
    • Platelets help with blood clotting.
    • The muscular contraction of the heart can force blood to the lungs and around the body.
    • The bundle of His splits into two rays, distributing the impulse through the ventricle walls, causing them to contract, a process known as ventricular systole.
    • The AV node receives the impulse from the SA node, allowing the atria to finish contracting 0.1 seconds.
    • Hypertension can be treated through lifestyle changes.
    • The heart generates its own electrical impulse and fires it through the atrial walls causing them to contract, passing the impulse on to the atrial ventricular node, which collects the impulse from the SA node and delays it for approximately 0.1 seconds to allow the atria to finish contracting.
    • Ventricular systole is when blood empties from the ventricles to the lungs to get oxygenated and to the body, where it is oxygenated to the body so that the muscles can get oxygen.
    • The cardiac cycle refers to the heart contracting and relaxing, with two key terms associated with it: atrial diastole, when the atria are relaxed and filling with blood, and ventricular diastole, when the ventricles are passively filled with blood due to the pressure of the blood filling the atrium.
    • Kevin has been suffering from hypertension, which is described as high blood pressure.
    • The bundle of His splits into two rays, distributing the impulse through each separate ventricle, causing them to contract.
    • Coronary bypass involves using a piece of artery taken from somewhere else in the body to bypass the blocked area of the coronary artery, allowing blood flow beyond the blockage.