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• pituitary gland releases growth hormones for muscle and bone growth, and endorphins to reduce pain
• pineal gland releases melatonin and is responsible for sleep-wake cycle
• thyroid gland releases thyroid hormone for growth, and calcitonin to lower blood calcium levels
• parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone to increase blood calcium level
• thymus gland releases thymosin to activate lymphocytes
• pancreas releases insulin to lower blood glucose, and glucagon to raise blood glucose
• kidneys release renin for blood pressure regulation, and erythropoietin to signal red blood cell production
• adrenal glands release cortisol on the outside of the glands, and norepinephrine and epinephrine are released on the inside, the medulla, of the glands
• gonads release estrogen and progesterone for women, and androgen for men