2. the multi store model

• What psychological approach is related to the memory unit?


  The cognitive approach
• What are the main components of the multi-store model of memory?

  • Sensory register
  • Short-term memory
  • Long-term memory
• Who created the multi-store model of memory?

  Atkinson and Shiffrin
• What does the multi-store model describe?

  How information flows through memory stores
• What are the three features of each memory store?

  Coding, capacity, and duration
• What is the coding of the sensory register?

  Modality specific
• What is the capacity of the sensory register?

  Potentially unlimited
• How long can information be held in the sensory register?

  Approximately 250 milliseconds
• What happens to information not paid attention to in the sensory register?

  It is lost
• What is the coding of short-term memory?

  Acoustic
• What is the capacity of short-term memory?

  Seven items plus or minus two
• What is the duration of short-term memory?

  18 to 30 seconds
• How can information be transferred from short-term memory to long-term memory?

  Through rehearsal
• What is maintenance rehearsal?

  Repeating information to keep it in short-term memory
• What is elaborative rehearsal?

  Linking new information to existing knowledge
• What causes information to be lost from short-term memory?

  Displacement or decay
• What is the coding of long-term memory?

  Semantic coding
• What is the capacity of long-term memory?

  Potentially unlimited
• What is the duration of long-term memory?

  Very large, potentially unlimited
• What does the primacy-recency effect suggest?

  Long-term and short-term memory are separate
• What did Sperling's study demonstrate about sensory memory?

  It has a larger capacity than short-term memory
• What did Baddeley's study reveal about short-term memory coding?

  It is coded acoustically
• What did Jacobs' research find about short-term memory capacity?

  Average recall is around seven items
• How can the capacity of short-term memory be increased?

  By chunking information
• What did Peterson and Peterson's study find about short-term memory duration?

  It lasts between 18 and 30 seconds
• What did Baddeley's study find about long-term memory coding?

  It is coded semantically
• What evidence suggests long-term memory has a large capacity?

  Wagner's diary study showed extensive recall
• What is a criticism of the multi-store model regarding its simplicity?

  It suggests memory stores are unitary and passive
• What is ecological validity in memory research?

  How findings apply to real-life situations
• What is mundane realism in memory tasks?

  How similar tasks are to everyday life
• What is a limitation of experimental memory research?

  It may lack ecological validity
• What is a potential issue with inferences made in memory research?

  They could be based on incorrect assumptions
• How does evolutionary theory relate to sensory register capacity?

  It supports quick reactions for survival
• What is a key assumption of the multi-store model that lacks face validity?

  It overlooks taste and smell memories
• What term explains how long information can be held in a memory store?

  Duration
• What are ‘models’ in psychology?

  Simplified representations to visualize theories
• Why is it hard to prove a model of memory right or wrong?

  Models are simplified and may not capture complexity
• Who proposed the Multi-store Model of memory?

  Atkinson & Shiffrin
• What is a key assumption of the Multi-store Model (MSM)?

  Information passes through different, independent stores
• How is information stored according to the MSM?

  It is a linear process through three stores