vocab

• ball and stick model: 3D representation of molecules, atoms and bonds
• bent molecular geometry: from tetrahedral electron w 2 nonbonding pairs, 2 bonding pairs of electrons or trigonal planar electron geometry when 1 nonbonding pair of electron and 1 bonding pair of electrons
• bond angle: generated by 3 atoms, angle between the central atom and two atoms bonded to it
• bond dipole: separation of particle charges in polar covalent bond
• dipole arrow: arrow with a hatch mark opposite to the head of arrow, placed parallel to the polar bond to designate the bond dipole, head of arrow points to the most electronegative atom
• dipole-dipole forces: forces between polar molecules that are attracted to each other
• dispersion forces: weakest intermolecular forces of attraction, occurring between the partial charges in induced temporary dipoles in all compounds
• electron density diagram: space-filling diagram that shows the relative electron density of each atom in a molecule
• electron geometry: relative position of the groups of electrons around a central atom, determines the bond angles around the atom center
• electron group: single bond, double bonds, triple bond or nonbonding pair
• electronegativity: measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself
• hydrocarbons: compounds containing only C-C and C-H bonds
• hydrogen bonding: the strongest types of intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules
• intermolecular forces of attraction: arise from the partial positive charge on one molecule and the partial negative charge on another (temporary or permanent)
• linear electron geometry: 3D shape of 2 groups of electrons on a central atom 180 degrees apart
• linear molecular geometry: central atom has 2 groups of bonding electrons and no nonbonding ( symmetrical)
• molecular dipole: charge seperation in a polar molecule
• molecular geometry: relative position of the atoms in a simple molecule, determined by the bonding between them
• molecular polarity: charge separation within a molecule, 2 poles one (-) one (+)
• nonpolar covalent bonds: equal sharing of electrons so there is no net charge difference
• partial (-) charge: less than-1
• partial (+) charge: less than +1
• polar covalent bond: a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared unequally
• polar molecule: molecule with separation of partial charges
• space-filling model: 3D shape created by filling space between atoms in a crystal lattice
• temporary molecular dipole: momentary separation of charge in non polar molecules
• tetrahedral electron geometry: 3D shape, 4 groups of electrons on central atom, 109.5 degrees apart
• tetrahedral molecular geometry: 4 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs
• trigonal planar electron geometry: 3 bonding electrons and 3 lone pairs, 120 degrees apart
• trigonal planar molecular geometry: 3 bond pairs, 0 lone pairs
• valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR): the tendency of electrons in a molecule to repel each other