plant cell

• Plant cell are eukaryotic cells that vary in several fundamental factors from other eukaryotic organisms
• plant cell - cell wall ; animal cell - cell membrane
• Eukaryote, any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus
• cell is the basic unit of life
• The cell theory was first proposed by Matthias Schleiden (1838) and Theodor Schwann (1839).
• Cell Theory states that all living things are made up of one or more cells; cells come only from pre-existing cells; and all cells contain the same chemicals as found in all living things.
• Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" when he observed thin sections of cork under his microscope in 1665.
• Prokaryotes have no true nucleus, while Eukaryotes do.
• The eukaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane that surrounds the necleus
• cellulose: an insoluble substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibres such as cotton. It is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers.
• A chloroplast is a type of plastid that serves as the site of photosynthesis
• photosynthesis is the process by which energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy for growth
• Vacuoles are storage organelles, and those in plant cells enable them to attain a large size without accumulating the bulk that would make metabolism difficult
• in a mature plant cell, as much as 90 percent of cell volume may be taken up by a single vacuole
• cell wall - made of cellulose and provides a rigid barrier
• cell membrane - a thin, flexible barrier that contains the cell
• nucleus - hold the DNA
• DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
• endoplasmic reticulum - make proteins and lipids
• golgi aparatus - sorts and modifies proteins
• chloroplast - makes food through photosynthesis
• mitochondria - makes energy through cellular respiration
• vacuole - stores water and salts
• cytoplasm - where chemical reactions take place, where the cell's energy is stored
• lysosome - a membrane-bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes
• ribosome - are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis.
• PARTS OF NUCLEUS

  1. nuclear envelope
  2. nuclear pore
  3. nucleoplasm
  4. nucleolus
• peroxisome - a membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of lipids
• vesicle - a small fluid-filled sac that is used to transport substances around the cell
• A Prokaryote is a single-cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles