Psych (4,5,8)

• Paul Broca- studied patients who had lost the ability to speak
• Carl Wernicke- studied patients, who have lost the ability to understand language
• Broca's area is located on the left side of the brain, near the frontal lobe
• Wernicke's area is also known as the sensory speech area
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) - detect electrical activity in the brain can show sleep stages and seizures
• MRI- uses magnetic field and radio waves to create a more detailed picture of brain structure. Can show slices of brain
• FMRI- shows brain structure and function/activity. Tracks changing oxygen levels and brain blood flow.
• CT or CAT scan- create a 3-D picture and only shows structure of the brain
• PET scan- shows brain activity/function
• Endocrine system- sends signals by passing hormones through the bloodstream to target organs
• Hypothalamus- sends signals to the pituitary gland to release hormones
• Pituitary gland- regulates stress, growth and reproduction
• Thyroid Gland- secretes thyroxin, which affects body metabolism
• Pineal Gland- releases melatonin
• Adrenal Gland- sits on top of kidneys and releases adrenaline
• Frontal lobe- “command center”. decision-making, problem-solving, reasoning, planning, personality, motivation, and language.
• Motor cortex - voluntary movements and located in the frontal lobe of the brain.
• Parietal Lobe- processing touch, pressure, temperaure, pain, and movement
• Occipital lobe- processes visual signals from the eye and sends them to the brain.
• Temporal lobe- processes auditory information and auditory memory
• Charles Darwin- theory of evolution and natural selection
• Central nervous system (CNS)- coordinates and directs all of the actives in the brain and spinal cord
• Spinal Cord- avenue through which the brain communicates with the rest of the body
• Brain- processes info and experiences before we are even aware that we experienced something
• Cerebrum- the largest part of the brain, responsible for conscious thought, memory, language, and intelligence
• Peripheral Nervous system- includes the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. link to the outside world
• Automatic nervous system - works automatically and are involuntary movements like breathing, heartbeat, digestion
• Somatic nervous system - voluntary movements, sensory input, and motor output
• sympathetic nervous system- is your emergency response so “fight or flight”
• Parasympathetic system- allows us to rest, digest, relax and recuperate
• Soma- the cell body. Contained the nucleus and produces energy for the nucleus. Located in the center of the neuron
• Nucleus- contains genetic information of the neuron. Located in the center of the cell body
• Dendrites- receives signals from other cells and transports them to the cell body. tree like branches
• Axon- sends messages away from the cell body of the neuron. Long tube like extension
• Mylein Sheath- provides insulation and increase the speed of the electrical messages. Layer surrounding the axon
• Axon terminal - contains neurotransmitters in sacs to be released across the synapses. Knoblike sacs at the end of the axon
• Receptor sites- receive neurotransmitters to initiate cell firing. located at the end of the dendrite
• Sensory neurons (Afferent neurons) - carry incoming info like eyes and nose
• Motor Neurons (efferent)- carry outgoing info like to muscles and organs
• Interneurons- relay neurons or connectors, allowing for info to pass between neurons