Infection and responce

• Microorganisms that cause a disease are called

  Pathogens
• How do you prevent spread via Food and Water

  Cook food properly, Filter and boil water, Eat in date food
• How do you prevent spread via Insect Bites

  Use insect repellent, use nets
• How do you prevent spread via Airbourne Droplets

  Wear a Mask, Isolate ill people
• How do you prevent spread via Direct Contact

  Use hand sanitiser, Use condoms
• How do you prevent spread via Indirect Contact

  Sanitize surfaces
• Pathogens cause illness by

  Toxins
• Toxins are produced by

  the pathogen that poisons the body's tissues and enzymes causing damage
• A rise in the number of pathogens in a cell can

  Cause it to burst
• How often to bacteria cells divide

  Asexually every 20 minuets
• Viruses need a ... cell to reproduce within

  Host
• What is Cell Lysis?

  When the host cell bursts releasing all the viruses
• How do ears prevent infection?

  Produce earwax to stop foreign body's entering, cillia's push wax along the ear canal
• How does the nose prevent infection?

  Produce mucus and have hair that traps particles containing pathogens
• How does the stomach prevent infection?

  Hydrochloric acid kills pathogens
• How do the trachea and bronchi prevent infection?

  Secrete mucus to trap pathogens, Cilia lined to waft mucus up to the throat to be swallowed
• How does the skin prevent infection?

  Physical barrier to pathogens, Produces sweat which stops pathogen containing particles
• Measles are spread by

  Airbourne droplets, Direct contact
• HIV are spread by

  Sexual contact, Sharing needles
• TMV are spread by


  Contact between plants, indirect contact from humans
• HIV stands for


  Human Immune Virus
• TMV stands for


  Tobacco Mosaic Virus
• Measles symptoms


  Fever and a red skin rash
• HIV symptoms


  flu like symptoms then inabitly to fight infection
• TMV symptoms


  Mosaic pattern of discolouration on leaves, Stunts growth
• Measles Prevention


  Vaccination, Isolation
• HIV Prevention


  Barrier protection, Don't share needles
• TMV Prevention


  Remove infected plants, Wash gardening tools
• Measles treatment


  treat symptoms, Fever with paracetamol
• HIV treatment


  antiretroviral drugs stop the virus from replicating meaning the immune system can repair
• TMV treatment


  none
• Salmonella is spread by

  Contaminated food, Usually chicken
• Gonorrhoea is spread by

  Sexual contact
• Salmonella symptoms


  sickness, diarrhoea, abdominal pain
• Gonorrhoea symptoms


  yellow discharge from genitals, pain when urinating
• Salmonella provention


  Cook food thoroughly, vaccination of chickens
• Gonorrhoea treatment


  Antibiotics
• Gonorrhoea Prevention


  condoms
• Salmonella treatment


  Antibiotics
• Why can't viruses be treated with antibiotics?

  Viruses hide inside our cells