statutory interpretation

• purposive approach - used by the eu - looks to see what the purpose of the law was - looks at the gap that they want to fill
• purposive cases - r v registrar general ex parte smith
• mischeif rule - originating from heydons case - looks back to law and tries to cover the gap
• mischief rule cases - smith v hughes - royal college of nursing v dhss
• golden rule - given literal meaning unless absurd - narrow - choose between possible meanings only - broad - where only one meaning they can modify words to avoid absurdity
• golden rule cases - adler v george - re sigsworth
• literal rule - use exact meanings of the words no matter the absurd outcome
• literal cases - whitley v chappel - lner v berrimen
• fisher v bell - literal
• royal college of nursing v dhss - mischief rule
• royal college of nursing v dhss - mischief rule
• r v allen - narrow gold
• re sigsworth - golden rule broad
• whiteley v chappel - literal - abusrd result
• lner v berrimen - literal rule
• smith v hughes - mischief rule
• pepper v hart - use of hansard
• intrinsic aids - inside the act - preamble - explanatory notes - glossary
• extrinsic aids - outside of the act - historical context - dictionaries -hansard
• pro literal - parlimentary sovernigty - certainty
• con literal - unjust results - assumes every act is perfectly drafted
• zander - literal rule is irresponsible - standard of perfect draftmenship is unrealistic
• golden pro - avoids issues with literal rule
• golden cons - further inconsistency - no def of absurd
• mischief pros - responds more positvly to loop holes
• mischief cons - judges beyond authority - lead to uncertainty
• purposive pro - justice- respond to new technology - judges discretion
• purposive cons - how can judges know parliemnts rules - judges are unelected