kidney

• What is the function of the renal vein?

  connects to the vena cava which transports to the heart.
• What does the renal artery connect to?

  Aorta, transporting blood away from heart
• What is the role of the ureter?

  It carries urine from kidney to bladder
• What does the urethra do?

  It transports urine from bladder to external
• What is the function of the renal medulla?

  It regulates the correct concentration of urine
• What hormone does the renal cortex create?

  Erythropoietin, which helps make red blood cells in bone marrow
• What does the renal artery carry?

  Blood from heart to kidney
• What does the renal vein carry?

  Blood from kidney to vena cava
• What is the function of the renal pelvis?

  It collects urine produced in kidney
• What is the role of the nephron?

  Filters blood, removes waste, retains substances
• What are the treatments for kidney failure?

  • Dialysis
  • Transplant
• What happens in dialysis?

  dialysis fluid and blood will flow counter each other to maintain a concentration gradient for the diffusion of urea across the whole membrane
• How long can dialysis last with minimal intervention?

  12-15 years
• What is the purpose of the dialysis machine?

  To filter blood through a selectively permeable membrane
• What does excretion remove from the body?

  Waste products of metabolism, e.g., urea
• How many nephrons are there in the kidney?

  About a million. They filter blood
• What are the main functions of the human excretory system?

  • Regulate water content in blood
  • Remove waste products from blood
• What are the components of the human excretory system mentioned?

  Renal arteries, renal veins, bladder, urethra, ureter, vena cava, aorta, kidney
• What is the role of the bladder?

  Stores urine before excretion
• What is the function of the renal cortex?

  It produces erythropoietin hormone
• What is the significance of tissue type in kidney transplants?

  Similar tissue type reduces rejection risk
• Why is diet restricted for patients on dialysis?

  To manage waste and fluid levels
• What is the main waste product removed by excretion?

  Urea
• What is the purpose of the renal arteries?

  To carry blood from heart to kidneys
• What is the purpose of the renal veins?

  To carry blood from kidneys to vena cava
• What is the role of the renal pelvis?

  It collects urine produced in the kidney
• What is the function of the urethra?

  It transports urine from bladder to external
• What is the function of the renal medulla?

  It regulates the correct concentration of urine
• What does the renal cortex create?

  Hormone erythropoietin
• What does the renal artery carry?

  Blood from heart to kidney
• What does the renal vein carry?

  Blood from kidney to vena cava
• What is the renal pelvis's role?

  It collects urine produced in kidney
• What is the function of the nephron?

  Filters blood, removes waste, retains substances
• What are the treatments for kidney failure?

  Dialysis, transplant, immunosuppressant medication
• What is the significance of tissue type in kidney transplants?

  Similar tissue type reduces rejection risk
• Why is diet restricted for patients on dialysis?

  To manage waste and fluid levels
• What is the main waste product removed by excretion?

  Urea
• What is the purpose of the renal arteries?

  To carry blood from heart to kidneys
• What is the purpose of the renal veins?

  To carry blood from kidneys to vena cava
• What is the role of the renal pelvis?

  It collects urine produced in the kidney