Disaster readiness and risk reduction

• Risk Factors Underlying Disasters

  1. Severity of Exposure

  •amount of exposure to the disaster is highly related to risk of future mental problems
• 2. Gender and Family

  • Women suffer more negative effects
  • Children are also a concern
  • Marital stress
• Two types of disasters

  based on the devastation, further classified into major or minor

  Natural

  -originate from the different "forces" of nature (geological, meteorological, hydrometeorological, biological,

  "Human-made

  -occur due to people's actions against human, material, and environment
• 3. Age

  • 40 - 60 years old
  • Higher stress in parents is related to worse recovery in children
• 4. Developing Countries

  5. Low or negative social support

  •Social support can weaken after disasters
• Risk Factors Underlying Disasters

  1. Severity of Exposure
  2. Gender and Family
  3. Age
  4. Developing countries
  5. Low or negative social support
  6. Other factors specific to the survivor
• Effects of Natural Disasters on Human life

  1. Displaced Populations

  5. Infrastructure

  2. Health Risks

  6. Environment

  3. Food Scarcity

  7. Economy

  4. Emotional Aftershocks
• 1. Displaced Populations

  •A large influx of refugees can disrupt accessibility of health care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water
• 2 Health Risks

  •Considered as secondary effects
• 3. Food Scarcity

  •Result to hunger because of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural supplies
• 4. Emotional Aftershocks

  •Traumatic experiences (PISD) confronted with scenes of destruction and loss of lives
• 5. Infrastructure

  •Homes, buildings, and other infrastructures that are seriously damaged structurally or architecturally can impair the functionality of the community.
• 6. Environment

  •Disasters can affect the surrounding ecosystem.
• Disaster Risk

  Disaster risk is the potential losses in lives, health status, livelihood, assets and services, which occur to a particular community or a society over some specified future time period. - RA No. 10121
• Disaster Risk

  Signifies the possibility of adverse effects in the future.

  It is derived from the interaction of social and environmental processes, from the combination of physical hazards and the vulnerability of exposed elements.
• Disaster

  A sudden calamitous event, bringing great damage, loss, destruction and devastation to life and property

  Direct or indirect results of hazards
• How and When an Event Becomes a Disaster?

  When it is sudden or progressive, causing widespread human, material or environmental losses.
• Hazards

  This do not necessarily cause any destruction.

  Geological, Biological, or Chemical

  When becomes active and is no longer just a threat, it becomes a disaster
• Susceptibility to Natutal Hazards

  •The level of susceptibility is measured through four conditions:

  1.Public infrastructure

  2.Nutrition

  3. Poverty and dependencies

  4. Economic capacity and income distribution
• Disaster prom Diferent Perspective

  •Dester is a result of a vast ecological breakdown humans and their environment

  1. Physical perspective
  2. psychological Pespective
  3. Socio-Cultural Perspective
  4. Economic Perspective
  5. Political Perspective
  6. Environmental Perspective
• Physical perspective

  • Cause damage to physical elements
  • Most visible and quantified effects of disaster
• Psychological perspective

  • cause serious mental health consequences for victims
  • Post traumatic stress disorder (ptsd)
  • Emotional effect, cognitive effects, physical effects, interpersonal effects
• Socio-Cultural Perspective

  • Social conditions (age, gender, wealth,ethnicity)
  • Cultural settings (language, beliefs, traditions, customs)
• Economic perspective

  •Causes perturbation to the economic system
• Political Perspective

  • Governmentality or deliverance of government services to constituents
  • DRRM: 1. Prevention, 2. Mitigation, 3. Preparedness, 4. Recovery
• Environmental Perspective.

  • lack of recognition on environmental management in reducing disaster risk
• The Philipines is among the topmost vulnerable countries in the world to natural disasters and climate impacts
• At least 60% of the county's total land area, nearly 300,000 square Kilometers, is vulnerable to natural hazards.
• •Threat posed by storms, floods, earthquakes, storm, surges, fires, volcanoes and landslides in more than 1300 cities across the country
• RA no. 10121 defines vulnerability as

  "The Characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.
• Vulnerability may arise from various

  • physial
  • socal
  • economic
  • environmental factors
• •Vulnerability s the reverse of capacity With increasing capacity to mitigate disaster, vulnerability is reduced.

  Heme, the higher the capacity, the lower the vulnerability and vice versa.
• •Exposure (RA NO 10121) - is defined as the degree to which the elements at risk are likely to experience hazard events of different magnitudes.
• •the vulnerability of a community to a disaster depends on the extent and amount of exposure of the various elements to hazard.
• The land or magnitude of mulnerability of anlelement to a hazard depends on certain factors:

  •Proximity to a hazard event

  • Demography
  • capacity in terms of material resources
  • Institutional codes and polices
  • future and practices
• Philippine vulnerabilities to Natural Disasters

  Hydrometeorological

  The philippines lies in the pacific typhoon belt and we are visited by an average of 20 typhoons every year. Many of our ares are also at or below sea level: vulnerable to flooding and worst, inundation with rise in. sea level.

  Many areas with coastines that are vulnerable to storm surges.
• Geographical

  earthquakes are common and volcanoes abound Because the country is in the Pacific ring of fire. The rugged nature of our landscape vulnerable it landslides, mudlows and other disasters. The Philippines is an archipelagic country with many small islands.
• Socio-economic

  Poor institutional and societal capacity to manage, respond, and recover from natural hazard events.

  The Philippines is considered “high risk” in terms of the country’s ability to manage and mitigate the impacts of natural hazard and in the due to “entrenched corruption and high levels of poverty” Rappler,2014
• 3 Elements of disaster

  • environment
  • property
  • population
• Proximity to a hazard event - Geographical or scientific maps can accurately pinpoint general locations where a hazard occurs. Geologic maps, for instance, show the location of active faults. Hence, ground movement may be expected in areas within the fault's vicinities.