Transport in Plants

• Describe what happens in transpiration.

  In transpiration, water evaporates from the cells inside the leaf. The water vapour diffuses through the air spaces in the spongy mesophyll and out of the leaf through the stomata. Water passes from the xylem into the leaf to replace the lost water. Finally, water is drawn into the root hair cells and up the xylem vessels to the leaf.
• What is translocation?

  Translocation is the movement of dissolved sugars around around a plant.
• What is transpiration?

  Transpiration is the loss of water from the leaves through the stomata.
• What happens to a plant if too much water is lost?

  If too much water is lost in a plant, the plant will wilt and die so, the stomata can open and close to help control the amount of water lost.
• When does the rate of transpiration increase?

  The rate of transpiration increases in light, dry, windy, and warm conditions.
• What is the transpiration system?

  The transpiration system is the movement of water from the plant's roots through the xylem and out of the leaves.
• State an adaption of phloem tubes.

  Phloem tubes are made of columns of elongated living cells wirh small pores in the end of walls to allow cell sap to flow through.
• What do phloem tubes do?

  Phloem tubes transport food substances (mainly dissolved sugars) made in the leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use or for storage.
• What type of plant transport is associated with phloem tubes?

  Phloem tubes are associated with translocation.
• What is cell sap?

  Cell sap is a liquid thats made up of the transported substance.
• When phloem tubes transport dissolved sugars, what direction does it occur?

  The transport of dissolved sugars goes in both directions (up and down the plant) because it's a two way system.
• What direction does the xylem tube carry water?

  Xylem tubes carry water up from the roots to the leaves and out of the stomata.
• Xylem tubes carry water up from the roots to the leaves and out of the stomata. What type of plant transport is this?

  Xylem tubes carry water up from the roots to the leaves and out of the stomata meaning this is the transpiration stream.
• How are xylem tubes made?

  Xylem tubes are made of dead cells joined end to end with no end walls between them and they have a hole between them and a hole down the middle.
• What strengthens the xylem tube?

  Lignin strengthens the xylem tube.
• What does the xylem vessel carries?

  The xylem vessel carries water and mineral ions from the roots, to the stem, and leaves.
• What causes transpiration?

  Transpiration is caused by the evaporation of water from a plants surface.
• What part of a plant does transpiration occur the most?

  Transpiration occurs the most at the leaves.
• What happens as a result of water evaporating from the plants surface?


  After the water has evaporated from the plants surface, there is a shortage of water so more water is drawn up from the rest of the plant through the xylem vessels to replace it.
• How does water enter and leave a plant?

  Water enters a plant via osmosis and they leave by transpiration and evaporation.
• What do root hairs do?

  The root hairs increase the surface area.
• How do mineral ions enter a plants roots?

  Mineral ions enter a plants roots by active transport.
• What surrounds the stomata?

  The guard cells surround the stomata.
• What happens when there's a high light intensity to the guard cells?

  When there's a high light intensity, the guard cells swell and change shape which causes them to open.
• What happens after the guard cells open?

  After the guard cells open, carbon dioxide can diffuse into the leaf, used for photosynthesis.
• What happens to the stomata in hot conditions?

  Under hot conditons, the plant closes its stomata to reduce water loss via transpiration meaning the plant cannot photosynthesise.