Plant

• What does epidermal tissue cover in a plant?

  The entire plant
• How does the waxy cuticle of epidermal tissue help the plant?

  It reduces water loss from the leaf surface
• What is a key feature of palisade mesophyll tissue?

  Contains lots of chloroplasts
• Why is the presence of chloroplasts important in palisade mesophyll tissue?

  It allows photosynthesis to progress rapidly
• What is a characteristic of spongy mesophyll tissue?

  Has lots of air spaces
• How do air spaces in spongy mesophyll tissue benefit the plant?

  They allow gases to diffuse in and out
• What type of cells make up the xylem?

  Dead cells
• How does the structure of xylem facilitate water movement?

  Forms a continuous hollow tube
• What role does lignin play in the xylem?

  Makes the vessel strong and waterproof
• What are bordered pits in xylem used for?

  Transporting minerals to specific places
• What type of cells make up the phloem?

  Elongated living cells
• What is the function of sieve plates in phloem?

  Connect cells for sap movement
• Why do sieve tube cells have few organelles?

  To allow efficient transport of substances
• What is meristem tissue made up of?

  Stem cells
• How does meristem tissue contribute to plant growth?

  Allows differentiation into various cell types
• What tissues are found in the leaf organ?

  • Epidermis
  • Palisade mesophyll
  • Spongy mesophyll
  • Xylem
  • Phloem
  • Guard cells
• What is the function of guard cells in plants?

  Control opening and closing of stomata
• How do stomata contribute to plant function?

  Control gaseous exchange and water loss
• Why are there more stomata on the base of the leaf?

  Minimizes water loss in cooler areas
• What is the primary function of root hair cells?

  Uptake of water and mineral ions
• How does the large surface area of root hair cells benefit the plant?

  Maximizes rate of absorption
• Why do root hair cells contain many mitochondria?

  Release energy for active transport
• What is translocation in plants?

  Movement of dissolved sugars
• What is transpiration in plants?

  Evaporation of water vapour from the surface
• What are the steps involved in transpiration?

  1. Water evaporates from leaf surface via stomata
  2. Water molecules cohere, pulling more water up the xylem
  3. More water is taken up from the soil
  4. Creates a continuous transpiration stream
• How does temperature affect transpiration rate?

  Increasing temperature increases transpiration rate
• How does humidity affect the rate of transpiration?

  Increasing humidity decreases transpiration rate
• How does wind speed affect transpiration rate?

  Increasing wind speed increases transpiration rate
• How does light intensity affect the rate of transpiration?

  Increasing light intensity increases transpiration rate
• What factors affect the rate of transpiration?

  • Temperature
  • Humidity
  • Wind speed
  • Light intensity
• What does epidermal tissue cover in a plant?

  The entire plant
• How does the waxy cuticle of epidermal tissue help the plant?

  It reduces water loss from the leaf surface
• What is a key feature of palisade mesophyll tissue?

  Contains lots of chloroplasts
• Why is the presence of chloroplasts important in palisade mesophyll tissue?

  It allows photosynthesis to progress rapidly
• What is a characteristic of spongy mesophyll tissue?

  Has lots of air spaces
• How do air spaces in spongy mesophyll tissue benefit the plant?

  They allow gases to diffuse in and out
• What type of cells make up the xylem?

  Dead cells
• How does the structure of xylem facilitate water movement?

  Forms a continuous hollow tube
• What role does lignin play in xylem vessels?

  It strengthens and waterproofs the vessel
• What are bordered pits in xylem used for?

  Transporting minerals to specific places