Atoms, Ions + Isotopes

• Solids

  • Strong forces of attraction between particles
  • Fixed positions
  • Vibrate around a fixed position
  • Fixed shape and volume
• Liquids

  • Some forces of attraction between particles
  • Same volume, can change shape to fill a fixed container
  • Particles are constantly moving with random motion
• Gases

  • No forces of attraction between particles
  • Don't keep a fixed shape or volume
  • Particles move randomly and constantly
• The atom

  Proton

  • Found in nucleus
  • Relative mass = 1
  • Relative charge = +1

  Neutron

  • Found in nucleus
  • Relative mass = 1
  • Relative charge = 0

  Electron

  • Found in orbits around the nucleus
  • Relative mass = 0.0005
  • Relative charge = -1
• Nucleus

  Relative mass = 10^-23g

  Radius = 10^-15m
• Atom radius = 10^-10m