inheritance

• Multiple inheritance is a type of inheritance where a class inherits properties and methods from multiple parent classes.
• Homozygous is when two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes. TT or gg. when two homozygous breed together, it will form a pure breed.
• Heterozygous is when there are different alleles of the same gene. Tt or Gg
• Dominant trait is an inherited characteristic that masks another recessive trait. For example, if someone has brown eyes (B) but they also have blue eye colour (b), then their dominant trait would be brown eyes (B).
• Inheritance is when the genetic information gets transmitted from one generation to another.
• Stem cells are when unspecialized cells that divide by mitosis to produce daughter cells. They can become specialized for specific functions.
• Chromosomes are made of DNA and proteins and are found in the nucleus of a cell. They contain genetic information in the form of genes.
• Gene is a length of DNA that codes for protein.
• Alleles are an alternative form of gene.
• Genotype is the genetic combination of alleles. Tt or GG.
• Phenotype is the physical appearance/observable features of an organism. Genotype + environment + random variation --> phenotype
• Mitosis is when nuclear division and chromosomes are duplicated by the mother cell.
• Mitosis is when nuclear division and chromosomes are duplicated by the mother cell.

  • Growth: each tissue provides its cells
  • Repair: to form a new tissue after it got damaged
  • Replacement: when the cells are worn-out
  • Asexual reproduction: happens in plants
• Meiosis is when the number of chromosomes is halved from diploid (23) to haploid (11).
• The order of genes goes like:

  Gene --> DNA strands --> Chromosomes --> Nucleus --> Cell --> Body
• • The sequence of bases in a gene determines the sequence of amino acids used to make a specific protein.
  • Different sequence of amino acids give different shapes to protein molecules.
• DNA controls cell function and the production of proteins, including enzymes, membrane carriers and receptors for neurotransmitters.
• Proteins are made:

  • The gene coding for the protein remains in the nucleus.
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a copy of a gene.
  • mRNA molecules are made in the nucleus and move to the cytoplasm.
  • The mRNA passes through the ribosome.
  • The ribosomes assemble amino acids into protein molecules.
  • The specific sequence of amino acids is determined by the sequence of bases in the mRNA.
• Most body cells in the organism contain the same genes, but many genes in a particular cell are not expressed because the cell only makes the specific proteins it needs.
• • A haploid nucleus is a nucleus containing a single set of chromosomes.
  • A diploid nucleus is a nucleus containing 2 sets of chromosomes.
  • In a diploid cell, there is a pair of each type of chromosomes and in a human diploid cell there are 23 pairs.
• • Stem cells: Unspecialized cells that divide by mitosis to produce daughter cells that can become specialized for specific functions.
• Inheritance: The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation.
• Sex-linked characteristics: A feature in which the gene responsible is located on a sex chromosome and that this makes the characteristic more common in one sex in the other.