Ecosystem

• Pollution refers to the changes in the physical, chemical and biological conditions in the environment

  which affects the quality of life.

  Sources of Pollution

  1. Point Source Pollution - it comes directly from one specific location and you can tell directly where is the source of pollution.

  2. Non-point source pollution - it comes from large areas and you cannot tell directly where is the source of

  pollution.
• Ceramics and glass - These items can easily be recycled

  Organic Waste - is another common household. All food waste, garden waste, manure and rotten meat are

  classified as organic waste
• Recyclable Rubbish - includes all waste items that can be converted into products that can be used again.

  Solid items such as paper metals, furniture and organic waste can all be recycled.

  Hazardous Waste - includes all types of rubbish that are flammable, toxic, corrosive and reactive. These

  items can harm everyone as well as the environment and must be disposed of correctly.

  Water Pollution - the occurrence of impurities in the water system that is cleansing processes cannot properly

  function
• Organic industrial pollutants - include refuse from slaughterhouses, fish and meat canning factories and

  crude oil companies

  B. Inorganic industrial pollutants - include toxic and corosive substance like acids and heavy metals

  Thermal pollution - heated water from power plants

  Farm Chemicals - include manure, chemical fertilizer, pesticides and phosphate detergents

  EUTROPHICATION - nutrient enrichment

  SEWAGE - wastes from home

  4. Marine Litters - is a collective term for any waste material present in the marine environmenind
• Cyanide fishing is a method of collecting live fish mainly for use in aquariums.

  Dynamite fishing is the practice of using explosives to stun or kill schools

  of fish for easy collection.

  Muro-Ami - is a fishing technique employed on coral reefs in Southeast Asia
• Air Pollution is the contamination of the atmosphere by gaseous, liquid or solid wastes which can endanger human health and affects the welfare of plants and animals.
• Natural air pollution includes natural impurities of the air such as soil particles, dust and pollen grains.
• Artificially created pollution includes pollutants from transportation, electric power plants, industrial processes, solid waste disposal, chemical sprays and burning.
• Particulate pollution includes smoke, dust and particles from coal and cement.
• Gaseous pollution includes complex and usually invisible foul smells like SO, NO, CO, Methane and other gases.
• Photochemical and radioactive pollution is a combination of particulate and gaseous pollution.
• Land/Soil Pollution - refers to the deterioration of the earth's land surfaces.

  Solid Waste - the most visible form of soil pollution

  OPEN DUMPING- unregulated method of waste disposal.

  Landfill - pit or hole where solid waste is safety disposed of using soil to cover the waste material.
• Trench Landfill - areas with low water table and soil deep enough for excavations.

  Area Landfill - areas where land depressions already exist.
• Incinerator - machine that is used to burn waste materials

  Incineration - process of burning waste materials
• Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP's) - these are pollutants that cannot be easily broken down by any

  chemical, biological, or physical means. Ex. Furans and Dioxins.

  OCEAN - The oldest garbage bins for humans

  Ocean Dumping - oldest method of waste disposal

  Noise Pollution - also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise

  with harmful impact on the activity of human or animal life.

  Noise - random or unwanted sound
• Decibel - Unit of sound

  A decibel meter is a measuring instrument used to assess noise or sound levels measuring sound pressure
• DEFORESTATION - can be defined as the large scale removal of forest.
• FOREST - large area of the land covered with trees
• WOODLAND - land covered with trees or, in a narrow sense, synonymous with wood, is a low-density forest forming open

  habitats with plenty of sunlight and limited shade.
• WATERSHED - land that drains into a particular river
• Dipterocarp is a type of forest made up of all trees with brand-less trunks and considered to be the most important type of forest in the Philippines.
• Examples of dipterocarp trees include tangile, yakal, gisok, lauan, bagtikan.
• Pine is a type of forest composed of pine trees that occurs on parts of Luzon and Mindoro where fires occur fairly frequently.
• Molave is a type of forest made up of molave trees and can be found in central Luzon.
• Beach is a type of forest usually found in some coastal areas.
• Examples of beach trees include talisay, agoho.
• Mangrove is a type of forest found on the tidal flats of the coastal areas.
• Mangrove forests are good sources of charcoal, firewood and tannins.
• Mossy is a type of forest found throughout the higher parts of the mountain and inhabited by many of the endemic wildlife of the Philippines.
• Denuded Upland - After several harvests of the forest the cleared land is no longer suitable for planting trees
• Desertification- transformation of a forest to a semi-desert condition
• Degraded watershed - When forest mountains are denuded, watersheds are degraded and this leads to the

  loss of sustained water supplies for lowland communities
• Serious water shortage - Usually the effect of degraded watershed
• Heavy soil erosion - One function of the forest is that its roots hold the soil in place
• Landslides - The roots of the trees bind soil to it and to the bedrock underlying it.
• Flooding - One major importance of forest is that they absorb water quickly in great amount during heavy

  rains.
• Siltation of rivers and dams - Deforestation results in the silting of rivers sediments deposit which shortens

  its life span and clogs irrigation system.
• Destruction of corals along the coast - Coral areas are degraded and coral reefs are affected by siltation
• Greenhouse Effect - Deforestation increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
• Extinction of thousands of species - Destruction of the forests leads to a tragic loss of biodiversity