Attachment

• What is reciprocity in caregiver-infant interactions?

  Both respond to each other's signals
• How does interactional synchrony manifest between caregiver and baby?

  They reflect each other's actions and emotions
• At what age did Meltzoff and Moore observe interactional synchrony?

  2 weeks
• What method did Meltzoff and Moore use to study babies?

  Adults displayed facial expressions and gestures
• What did Isabella et al (1989) find about synchrony and attachment quality?

  High synchrony linked to better attachment quality
• What are the advantages of Isabella et al's study on synchrony?

  • Filmed in a controlled laboratory
  • Researchers can review details later
  • Babies unaware of being observed
  • Leads to good reliability and validity
• What is a limitation of interpreting baby behavior in studies?

  Hard to interpret baby’s behavior accurately
• What is the asocial stage of attachment?

  First few weeks, similar behavior to objects
• What characterizes the indiscriminate attachment stage?

  Preference for humans, no separation anxiety
• At what age does specific attachment develop?

  7 months
• What happens during the multiple attachments stage?

  Attachment extends to multiple people
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Schaffer and Emerson's stages of attachment?

  Strengths:

  • Good external validity from parental observations
  • Real-world application of findings

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Potential bias from parental observations
  • Poor evidence for asocial stage due to immobility
• What did Grossman et al (2002) study about fathers?

  Impact of fathers on adolescent attachments
• What was a key finding regarding mothers and fathers in Grossman's study?

  Mother's attachment quality linked to adolescence
• What role did Grossman suggest fathers have in attachment?

  Related to play and stimulation
• What are the implications of Grossman's findings on father involvement?

  • Fathers play a unique role in development
  • Emphasis on play and stimulation
  • Suggests different attachment styles between parents