Freud

• The oral stage is the first stage of Freud's psychosexual development theory, where pleasure is focused on the mouth.
• <S: Free association is a technique used to access the contents of the unconscious mind. >
• The ego mediates between these two forces to maintain balance and harmony within us.
• The id represents our basic instinctual drives, while the superego represents societal norms and values.
• Freud's theory is based on the idea that humans are motivated by unconscious desires, which can be repressed or denied.
• <S: The unconscious mind consists of repressed thoughts, desires, memories, and urges that lie below the surface of awareness. >
• The anal stage is the second stage of Freud's psychosexual development theory, occurring from around 18 months to 3 years.
• The phallic stage is the third stage, where pleasure is focused on the genitals.
• During the anal stage (18 months to 3 years), children focus their pleasurable sensations around the rectum and anus.
• Freud believed that dreams were a way for the unconscious mind to communicate with the conscious mind.
• Freud believed that our personality develops through a series of stages, with each stage focusing on different sources of pleasure.
• Freud believed that human behavior was driven by unconscious desires and conflicts.
• Dream interpretation involves analyzing symbols and themes within dreams to uncover hidden meanings.
• During this stage, children experience intense pleasure from sucking their thumbs or pacifiers.
• Freud proposed that there are three levels of consciousness - conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
• The ego seeks to satisfy both the demands of the id and the constraints of reality.
• Repression involves pushing unwanted thoughts or feelings out of conscious awareness.
• The superego acts as a moral compass, guiding our actions towards what society considers acceptable.
• The preconscious mind contains information that we have forgotten but could easily recall if needed.
• Denial occurs when we refuse to acknowledge unpleasant realities.
• During this stage, children develop an Oedipus complex (boys) or Electra complex (girls).
• The conscious mind includes all the things we are aware of at any given moment.
• In boys, they become fixated with their mother and want her all to themselves, leading them to feel jealousy towards their father.
• In the phallic stage (around age 4-6), boys develop feelings of sexual attraction towards their mother and may experience penis envy if they feel inferior compared to her.
• Sublimation refers to redirecting unacceptable impulses into more socially acceptable behaviors.
• This leads to castration anxiety, as they fear losing their penis like their father did.
• Boys at this stage also become aware of the Oedipus complex, where they desire their mother sexually but fear retaliation from their father.
• According to Freud, during this stage, girls become aware of their lack of a penis and feel inferior compared to men.
• Freud proposed that there was a universal human desire called libido, which drives all behavior and motivates people to seek out pleasure and avoid pain.
• In the oral stage (birth to 1 year), babies derive pleasure from sucking and biting objects.
• In the latency period (ages 7-12), sexual impulses are suppressed as children begin to identify more strongly with their gender role.
• The oral stage is characterized by the desire for food and nourishment.