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Statistics and probability
Scatter graphs
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Created by
Sophie
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Cards (31)
What is a scatter graph also known as?
Scatter plot
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What does a scatter graph show?
The relationship between two
variables
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What is the purpose of a scatter graph?
To identify
correlations
or patterns
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What are the key elements of a scatter graph?
Axes (
X-axis
and
Y-axis
)
Points representing
data pairs
Appropriate
scale
on both
axes
Clear
title
indicating data representation
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What does the X-axis represent in a scatter graph?
Independent variable
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What does the Y-axis represent in a scatter graph?
Dependent variable
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What does each point on a scatter graph represent?
A
data pair
(
x
,
y
)
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Why is the scale on both axes important in a scatter graph?
It must be appropriate for the
data range
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What should you always give a scatter graph?
A
clear title
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What is positive correlation in a scatter graph?
Both variables
increase
together
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What is negative correlation in a scatter graph?
One variable
increases
while the other
decreases
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What does no correlation mean in a scatter graph?
No discernible pattern between
variables
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What is perfect correlation in a scatter graph?
A straight line with
consistent
increases/decreases
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How do you interpret a scatter graph?
Identify the overall trend (upward, downward, or none)
Look for
outliers
that may indicate anomalies
Draw a
line of best fit
to represent data
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What should you look for when identifying trends in a scatter graph?
The overall
direction
of the points
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What are outliers in a scatter graph?
Points
far
from the
general
pattern
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What is the line of best fit?
A line that best represents the
data
pattern
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How can the line of best fit be used?
To
predict
values and calculate
correlation
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What does the slope of the line indicate in a scatter graph?
The direction of
correlation
(positive or negative)
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What is the equation of the line of best fit?
y
=
y =
y
=
m
x
+
mx +
m
x
+
c
c
c
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What do the variables m and c represent in the line equation?
m is
slope
, c is y-intercept
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How can you use the line of best fit?
To estimate values for
unplotted variables
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What is the correlation coefficient (r)?
A
measure
of
relationship strength
and
direction
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What is the range of the correlation coefficient?
-1
to +1
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What does r = 1 indicate?
Perfect
positive correlation
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What does r = -1 indicate?
Perfect negative
correlation
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What does r = 0 indicate?
No
correlation
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How is the correlation coefficient calculated?
Using a
formula
or
statistical
tools
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What practical tips should you consider when analyzing scatter graphs?
Check for
clusters
of points
Look for
outliers
that may indicate errors
Be cautious of
causation
; correlation does not imply causation
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What are common mistakes to avoid when interpreting scatter graphs?
Misinterpretation
of
no correlation
Overfitting
the
line of best fit
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What practice problems can help with scatter graphs?
Drawing scatter graphs
Identifying
correlation
Calculating the
line of best fit
Understanding the correlation coefficient
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