Synthetic routed

• Acid, hydrolysis, reagents and conditions.

  Six moles aqueous HCl, reflux, 24 hours
• Alkaline, hydrolysis, reagents and conditions.

  Aqueous NaOH, 100°C
• Forming nitriles, reagents and conditions.

  Haloalkane, reflux, sodium cyanide , ethanol solvent
• Nitriles can be reduced to amines.

  Lithium, aluminium hydride(LiAlH4) in dry ether at room temperature

  Nitrile, + 4H = amine
• Alkane to halo alkane

  X2 UV
• alkene to alkane

  H2, Ni catalyst, 150 degrees
• Alkene to dihaloalkane

  X2 20 degrees
• Alkene to alcohol

  H3PO4, 300 degrees, 60atm
• Alcohol to alkene

  conc. H2SO4
• Alcohol to aldehyde/ketone: H2SO4 K2Cr2O7
• Aldehyde/ Keytone to alcohol

  NaBH4 water
• Alkene to haloalkane

  HX 20 degrees
• Alcohol to haloalkane

  NaX H2SO4 20 degrees
• Haloalkane to alcohol

  NaOH warm
• Haloalkane to amine

  excess NH3 ethanol solvent
• Haloalkane to nitrile

  KCN ethanol reflux
• Nitrile to amine

  LiAlH4 dil. Acid
• Hydroxynitrile to amine

  LiAlH4 dil. Acid
• aldehyde/ketone to hydroxynitrile

  HCN
• Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

  K2Cr2O7 H2SO4
• Hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid

  dil. HCl reflux
• nitrile to carboxylic acid

  dil. HCl reflux
• Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

  SOCl2
• Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

  Cold H2O
• acyl chloride to amide

  NH3 20 degrees
• Acyl chloride to ester

  alcohol 20 degrees