Topic 1

• The Declaration of Alma Ata happened on (Date) September 6-12 of 1978 at the (Event) International Conference of Primary Health Care
• The Declaration of Astana happened on (Date) October 25 & 26 of 2018 which is 40 years later than Alma Ata; and it happened at (Place) Astana, Kazakhstan
• Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease.
• Primary Health Care is the most inclusive, equitable, and costeffective way to achieve universal health coverage.
• Primary Health Care is the first contact a person has with the health system when they have a health problem.
• Primary Care Facility is the institution that delivers primary care services which are usually the first point of contact with a health professional.

  
• Health Care Providers:

  ▶ Physicians

  ▶ Nurses

  ▶ Midwives

  ▶ Pharmacists

  ▶ Dentists

  ▶ Community Health Workers

  • Barangay Nutrition Scholars
  • Barangay Health Workers
• According to World Health Organization (WHO), about 930 million people worldwide are at risk of falling into poverty due to out-of-pocket health spending of 10% or more of their household budget.

  
• Health System consists of all organization, people and actions whose primary interest is to promote, restore, or maintain health.
• 4 Pillars of PHC

  ▶ Community Participation

  ▶ Intersectoral Collaboration

  ▶ Appropriate Technology

  ▶ Support Mechanism
• Challenges of PHC

  ▶ shortage of workers

  ▶ poor quality health-care services

  ▶ inadequate finances

  ▶ lack of intersectoral collaboration

  ▶poor condition of infrastructures, especially in rural areas

  ▶ concentrative on curative health services than preventive and promotive health care services

  ▶challenging geographic distribution
• Health is a complete

  (1) physical

  (2) mental, and

  (3) social well-being

  and not just merely an absence of disease
• Health System consists of organization, people and actions whose primary interest is to:

  (1) restore

  (2) maintain

  (3) promote health
• Primary Health Care is the first contact a person has with the health system when they have a health problem
• Primary Health Care is the most inclusive, equitable, and cost effective way to achieve Universal Health Coverage
• Primary Health Care is the provision of services including:

  (1) diagnosis

  (2) treatment of a health condition

  (3) support in managing long term health care, including chronic conditions
• Health Care Providers:

  ▶ Physicians

  ▶ Nurses

  ▶ Midwives

  ▶ Pharmacists

  ▶ Dentists

  ▶ Community Health Workers

  • Barangay Nutrition Scholars
  • Barangay Health Workers
• According to World Health Organization (WHO), about 930 million people worldwide are at risk of falling into poverty due to out-of-pocket health spending of 10% or more of their household budget.
• Universal Health Coverage is based on 1948 WHO constitution
• Primary Health Care is the foundation of UHC
• UHC covers the full continuum of key services from health promotion to prevention, protection, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care.
• RA 11223 or the Universal Health Care Act was signed on February 20, 2019 by Former President Rodrigo Duterte
• UHC means all Filipinos are guaranteed equitable access to quality and affordable health care goods and services,and are protected against financial risk.
• Elements of PHC:

  ▶Health Education

  ▶ Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition.

  ▶ Access to safe water and sanitation

  ▶ Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning (FP)

  ▶ Immunization against major infectious diseases

  ▶ Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases

  ▶ Appropriate treatment

  ▶ Provision of essential drugs
• According to United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Philippines, 95 Filipino children die daily from malnutrition with 27 every 1,000 children not getting past their fifth birthday.
• Health is the fundamental human right
• Clean / safe water is the basic human need for survival and essential health
• Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period
• In the Philippines, over 60,000 children die annually before their fifth birthday because of complications of premature birth, intra-partum complications, and infectious disease (UNICEF, 2023)

  
• RA 10152 is Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011

  Law which requires that all children under five years old be given basic immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases.
• Examples of DOH programs on prevention and control against locally endemic diseases

  ▶ Malaria Control and Elimination Program

  ▶ Dengue Prevention and Control Program

  ▶ Schistosomiasis Control and Elimination Program
• Endemic - Disease is constantly present in a population with relatively low spread
• Epidemic - A sudden increase in cases spreading through a large population
• Pandemic - Epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people
• Outbreak - the occurrence of disease cases in excess of normal expectancy i.e., a sudden spike of disease.
• Top 3 causes of mortality in the Philippines

  ▶ Ischaemic Heart Disease

  ▶ Cerebrovascular Diseases

  ▶ Neoplasms
• Philippine National Formulary contains the list of essential medicines that can be procured by the government.

  Abbreviation - PNF
• UP-PGH Formulary

  ▶ Executive Order No. 49

  ▶ Directing the Mandatory Use of the Philippine National Drug Formulary (PNDF) Volume I as the Basis for Procurement of Drug Products by the Government
• UP - PGH

  ▶ Volume 1: Essential Medicines List - listing of the essential drugs by international nonproprietary names

  ▶ Volume 2: Essential Medicines Monograph - monographs on the drugs

  ▶ Volume 3: Cross-reference index - index of generic and trade
• Essential Medicines are drugs considered optimal treatment choices to satisfy the health care needs of a given population