Diffusion types

• Channel proteins allow specific molecules to pass through the cell membrane in a passive manner.
• Facilitated diffusion relies on membrane protein transporters to move solutes down their concentration gradients and requires no direct input of energy.
• Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
• Secondary active transport relies on the energy released from the movement of a solute down its concentration gradient.
• The concentration gradient is the difference between the concentrations of molecules on either side of the membrane.
• Countertransports involve the movement of two substrates in opposite directions across the cell membrane.
• Facilitated diffusion involves carrier proteins that bind with specific substances, allowing them to pass through the plasma membrane without energy input.
• Carrier proteins facilitate the movement of certain substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy input from ATP hydrolysis.
• Active transport is an endergonic process that requires energy input from ATP hydrolysis.
• The sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase) actively transports Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell using ATP as an energy source.
• Diffusion is the net movement of particles down their concentration gradient.
• Simple diffusion occurs when small nonpolar molecules can move directly through the phospholipid bilayer.
• Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
• Tonicity refers to the ability of a solution to cause cells to gain or lose water by osmosis.
• Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
• Facilitated diffusion involves carrier proteins or channel proteins to increase the rate of diffusion.
• Passive transport does not require energy input and includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
• Channel proteins are integral membrane proteins with a pore that allows specific solutes to pass through.
• Isotonic solutions have equal solute concentrations on both sides, resulting in no net movement of water.