Health & Disease

• What factors affect health?

  Diet, exercise, community, and genetics
• What is a pathogen?

  A microorganism that causes disease
• How can pathogens be spread?

  Air, touch, blood, and vectors
• What is cholera and how is it spread?

  A bacteria spread via water systems
• What are the implications of cholera?

  Severe diarrhea leading to dehydration
• What is the overall state of health defined as?

  Physical and mental well-being
• What does the BCG vaccine protect against?

  Tuberculosis
• What were stomach ulcers previously thought to be caused by?

  Stressful living and diet
• How did Barry Marshall prove stomach ulcers were caused by bacteria?

  He drank a solution of bacteria
• What is the treatment for stomach ulcers today?

  Antibiotics
• What is Ebola and how is it spread?

  A virus spread by bodily fluids
• What are the symptoms of Ebola?

  Diarrhea, vomiting, rash, and pain
• What is chlamydia and how is it spread?

  A bacteria spread via unprotected sex
• What are the implications of chlamydia?

  Pain during urination and discharge
• How is HIV spread?

  Unprotected sex, sharing needles, childbirth
• What does HIV attack in the body?

  White blood cells
• What can HIV develop into?

  AIDS
• What is malaria and how is it spread?

  A parasite spread by female mosquitoes
• What are the symptoms of malaria?

  High fever, chills, headache, and vomiting
• What is the tobacco mosaic virus?

  A virus causing discoloration in leaves
• What can indicate a plant disease?

  Discoloration, black spots, and leaf drop
• What does the body use to protect itself against pathogens?

  Acid in the stomach and skin barriers
• How do white blood cells protect the body?

  They engulf and destroy pathogens
• What is the purpose of vaccinations?

  To develop antibodies against pathogens
• What is herd immunity?

  Protection of unvaccinated individuals
• What is the polio vaccine given on?

  A sugar cube
• What is a disadvantage of vaccines?

  They can cause side effects
• How do bacteria develop antibiotic resistance?

  Through mutations and natural selection
• What is the role of antibiotics?

  To kill bacteria
• What is the process to produce an uncontaminated culture of bacteria?

  Flame the inoculation loop
• What is toxicity in drug testing?

  The level of drug before side effects occur
• What is efficacy in drug testing?

  How well the drug works compared to others
• What is the formula for BMI?

  Mass divided by height squared
• What are the risks of being obese?

  Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke
• What are the health risks associated with alcohol consumption?

  Liver damage and increased cancer risk
• What are the health risks associated with smoking?

  Lung damage and cancer