Atomic Structure

Cards (20)

  • What is an atom?
    The smallest part of an element that can exist
  • What is Dalton's model of the atom?
    Atoms as solid spheres that could not be divided into smaller parts
  • What is the plum pudding model of the atom?
    Sphere of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it
  • What did scientists discover in the alpha scattering experiment?
    That some alpha particles were deflected by the gold foil - this showed that an atom's mass and positive charge must be concentrated in one small space (the nucleus)
  • Describe the nuclear model of the atom.
    Dense nucleus with electrons orbiting it
  • What did Niels Bohr discover?
    He discovered that electrons orbit in fixed energy levels (shells)
  • What did James Chadwick discover?
    He discovered the neutron (unchanged particle)
  • Where are protons and neutrons found?
    In the nucleus
  • What is the relative mass of each subatomic particle?
    Proton: 1
    Neutron: 1
    Electron: 0 (very small)
  • What is the relative charge for each subatomic particle?
    Proton: +
    Neutron: o (neutral)
    Electron: -
  • How can you find out the number of protons in an atom?
    The atomic number on the periodic table
  • How can you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
    mass number - atomic number
  • Why do atoms have no overall charge?
    Because atoms have equal numbers of positive protons as negative electrons
  • How many electrons would you place in the first, second and third shells?
    First: 2
    Second: 8
    Third: 8
  • What is an element?
    A substance that is made of only on type of atom
  • What is a compound?
    A substance made of more than one type of atom chemically joined together
  • What is a mixture?
    Two or more substances not chemically combined
  • What are isotopes?
    Atoms of the same element (same number of protons) with different numbers of neutrons
  • What are the four physical processes that can be used to separate mixtures?
    Filtration, fractional distillation, evaporation (crystallisation), and chromatography.
  • What is relative mass?
    The average mass of all the atoms of an element