Seedless Plants

• It is believed that all land plants evolved from?

  Green Algae
• Spirogyra


  Filamentous green algae

  
• Ulva


  sea lettuce

  
• Volvox

  a green, single-celled aquatic organism that forms minute, free-swimming spherical colonies.

  
• What is algae?

  diverse group pf photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms
• What is green algae

  are examples of algae (protists) that have primary cholorplasrs derived from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria

  
• What are common features of algae and plants?

  - cellulose in their cell walls

  - store energy as starch

  - use chlorophyll a and b
• What green algae is the earliest relative of land plants

  spirogyra
• What is the definition of bryophytes?

  non-vascular plants
• What is the domain, supergroup, and plantae of bryophytes?

  Domain = Eukarya

  Supergroup = Archaeplastida

  Kingdom = Plantae
• True/False All plants are multicellular and most are terrestrial autotrophs

  True
• How long did seedless, non-vascular plants take to evolve

  475 million years ago
• Land plants arose from a?

  lineage of freshwater green alga within the phylum Chlorophyta
• What structures helped plants prevent water loss

  Cuticle, Stomata , Sporopollenin
• What is the function of cuticle?

  A waxy outer layer which covers the epidermis slows water loss preventing plants from drying out

  
• What is the function of the stomata


  tiny openings that can open or close to control water loss and take up CO2 for phoyosynthesis

  
• What is the function of the sporopollenin?


  a complex polymer that strenghthens tissues and prevents desiccation. Major componet of pollen grains
• What structures helped innovation for lifelong growth

  Meristems
• What is the function or meristems

  are specialized regions of plant tissues where cell division and growth take place
• What are the 2 types of meristems

  apical and lateral
• What is the function and location of the apical meristems

  Location = found at the tips of roots and shoots

  function= responsible for primary growth, which involves the lengthening of the plant
• What is the function and location of the lateral meristems

  found in the sides or buds along the stems, the function makes the plant grow wider or thicker
• What structure helps with the large plant body and erect growth

  Vascular tissue
• What are the types of vascular tissues

  xylem and phloem
• What is the function of xylem

  vascular tissue that distributes water and dissolved minerals through the plant. contains transporting cells

  
• What is the function of the phloem

  distributes sugars produced during photosynthesis
• What is the function of the root and shoot system

  vegetative structures for structural support and nutrition in vascular plants
• What structure helps plants with structural support

  root and shoot system
• What structure in plants helps with enhanced photosynthesis

  leaves
• What is the function of leaves

  enhance photosynthesis which occurs in the mesophyll cell of leaves.
• Leaves are modifications oof stems and fall into which 2 categories?

  Megaphllys and mircophylls
• What are microphylls

  are narrow and have a single strand of vascular tissue

  
• What are megaphylls

  are broad leaves with multiple veins

  
• What are rhizoids


  Root like structures of mosses that anchor them to rocks

  
• What structure in plants protect developing gametes and the tissue of the plant that shelter a multicellular embryo within a parent plant?

  Embryonic Chamber
• The plant cycle alternation of generations

  
• How are gametes prodiced in plants?

  through the antheridia and archegonia
• What is the antheridia

  male gametangia
• What is the archegonia

  female gametangia
• What is the Diploid Phase (Sporophyte generation)

  Begins after fertilozation when the zygote grows by mitosis into a multicellular, diploid organism

  ITS BODY WILL DEVELOP A SPORANGIA WHICH PRODUCIES SPORES