G+ rods

• Listeria monocytogenes is able to grow at low temperatures and high NaCl concentrations.
• Listeria monocytogenes is typically found in cheese storehouses, salads, sausages, delicatesses, and not properly cleaned vegetables.
• Symptomatically infections from Listeria monocytogenes are rare.
• In pregnant women, Listeria monocytogenes infection can result in risk of congenital infection of the fetus through placenta with abortus of fetus infection (in the last three months) as a result, or also perinatal infection during delivery (infection by contaminated vaginal secretion).
• In newborns, meningitis or septicemia are common after Listeria monocytogenes infection.
• The lethality of Listeria monocytogenes infection is high, with % of dead people of all infected people being high.
• Corynebacterium Non-diphtheric is a normal flora of skin, together with staphylococci and yeast.
• Corynebacterium Non-diphtheric is a pathogen in wounds.
• In microscopy, Corynebacterium Non-diphtheric forms palisades.
• Corynebacterium jejkeium is the worst among non-diphtheria coryneforms.
• Corynebacteria are G+ rods, club-shaped (koryné = club), sometimes pleomorphic.
• Hemolysis is a pathogenic factor of Corynebacterium Non-diphtheric.
• Corynebacterium Diphtheria is the diphtheria causative agent, causing pseudomembrane in the posterior pharynx, which may obstruct the airway.
• Corynebacterium Diphtheria produces diphtheria toxin.
• Corynebacterium Diphtheria is rare in Europe, due to vaccination.
• Coryneform rods are various rods that share similar morphology, and are rare causative agents of various human infections.
• Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a rare causative agent of pharyngitis.
• Corynebacterium non- diphteria can grow on MH but BA is used.
• Diagnosis of Corynebacterium is done through microscopy and cultivation.
• Listeria is diagnosed through cultivation, with growth at low temperatures and high NaCl concentrations.
• Corynebacterium can be identified through PCR for toxin gene and Elek test for detection of a toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
• Corynebacterium non- diphteria is treated with PCN, Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin, Vancomycin, and rifampicin.
• Bacillus can be identified through cultivation, with large, felt-like colonies, and is hemolytic.
• Bacillus has typical Gram staining results, with long and large rods, and sometimes endospore formation may be seen.
• Bacillus can be identified through biochemical tests, susceptibility to antibiotics, and ELISA for B. cereus toxin.
• Listeria grows at 4 °C, enabling it to spread in cheese factories, and can grow at various temperatures.
• There is no clear algorithm for G+ rods, and diagnosis can be done through animal demonstration, PCR, and antigen analysis.
• Other bacteria that can cause infections include Dermatophilus, Rhodococcus, and Turicella.
• Corynebacterium diphtheriae is not on MH but can be identified on Clauberg medium (tellurite).
• Corynebacterium diptheria is treated with PCN and Erythromycin.
• Arcanobacterium haemolyticum causes tonsillitis and wound infections.
• Bacillus cereus can be treated with rehydratation and linkosamids, and its eye infection can be treated with lincosamids and aminoglycosides.
• Erysepelothrix rhusiopathiae causes redness disease of pigs and can lead to septicemia in humans.
• Treatment for Erysepelothrix rhusiopathiae includes Listeria/enterococci, with no cephalosporins allowed.
• Other genera of coryneform rods include Dermatophilus, Rhodococcus, Turicella etc.
• Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a causative agent of a zoonosis (erysipeloid).
• Bacillus genus are usual members of the external environment, and when found in clinical material are usually a CONTAMINATION.
• Problem with Bacillus would only be when a Bacillus would be found from a site that is supposed to be sterile.
• Bacillus spores are sometimes larger than the vegetative cell, sometimes not; sometimes they are terminal, in other species they are subterminal or central.
• Bacillus forms include cutaneous (malignant pustule), inhalation, and intestinal.