Organic Chemistry

• Organic Molecules: Contain Carbon atoms
• Molecular Formula: Chemical Formula indicating the types of atoms and the correct number of each in a molecule.
• Structural Formula: Shows which atoms are

  attached to which within the molecule. Atoms are represented by their chemical symbols and lines are used to represent ALL the bonds that hold the atoms together.
• Condensed Structural Formula: Shows the way in which atoms are bonded together in the molecule,
• Hydrocarbon: A compound consisting of only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
• Homologous Series: A series of organic compounds that can be described by the same general formula OR in which one member differs from the next with a CH2 group.
• Saturated Compounds: Compounds in which there are no multiple bonds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains.
• Unsaturated Compounds: Compounds with one or more multiple bonds between C atoms in their hydrocarbon chains.
• Functional Group: A bond or an atom or a group of atoms that determine(s) the physical and chemical properties of a group of organic compounds.
• Alkanes: C-H or C-C single bond
• Alkenes: C-C double bond
• Alkynes: C-C triple bond
• Haloalkanes: (F, Cl, Br, I) Halogen atom double bonded to a saturated C atom.
• Alcohols: Hydroxyl group bonded to a saturated C atom.
• Aldehydes: Formyl group
• Ketones: Carbonyl group bonded to 2 C atoms.
• Carboxylic Acids: Carboxyl group
• Esters: A compound formed by the condensation of an alcohol and an acid.
• Structural Isomer: A compound with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
• Positional Isomer: Same molecular formula, but different positions of the side chain, substituents or functional groups on the parent chain.
• Functional Isomers: Same molecular formula, but different functional groups.