GPS mapping and the use of drone and satellite surveys are used to monitor a wide range of factors:
rates of photosynthesis
biomass estimation
soil water content
the spread of pests and diseases
the cropped area of the fields, area of cover for wild birds, tree plantations etc
computer-based monitoring of the yields produced in different areas of a field can be used to better control fertiliser application in each area for future crops. This maximises yields while avoiding wastage and minimising environmental impacts