DNA 3 - Structure & How it Codes

• What is the main focus of today's video?

  Structure of DNA
• What shape does DNA form?

  Double helix
• What is a nucleotide made up of?

  Phosphate, sugar, and base
• How many types of bases are there in DNA?

  Four
• What do A, T, C, and G stand for?

  Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
• What forms the sugar phosphate backbone of DNA?

  Phosphate bonds to sugar of nucleotides
• What is the role of the sugar phosphate backbone?

  It forms a protective outer casing
• How do bases pair in DNA?

  Complementary bases pair together
• Which bases pair together in DNA?

  A pairs with T, C pairs with G
• What is the complementary sequence for A G T G C T T A C?

  T C A C G A A T G
• What does the term genetic code refer to?

  Sequence of bases in DNA
• What is a gene?

  A sequence of bases coding for protein
• What is a triplet in genetics?

  A group of three bases
• How does a triplet relate to amino acids?

  Each triplet codes for a specific amino acid
• What happens to the amino acids coded by triplets?

  They combine in the same order
• What is the final structure formed from amino acids?

  A protein
• Why do proteins have unique shapes?

  Different sequences of amino acids
• What are the main uses of proteins?

  Enzymes, hormones, and structural proteins
• What are the steps for how DNA codes for a protein?

  1. DNA sequence is read as triplets.
  2. Each triplet codes for an amino acid.
  3. Amino acids are combined in order.
  4. The chain of amino acids folds into a protein.
• What roles do proteins play in the body?

  • Enzymes: Biological catalysts for reactions
  • Hormones: Carry messages in the body
  • Structural proteins: Provide strength to cells and tissues