Ions and Water

• A cation is a positively charged ion and an anion is a negatively charged ion
• The charge on a calcium ion is 2+
• The charge on a chloride ion is -1
• A nitrate is NO3- whereas a nitrite is NO2-
• A phosphate group has 4 oxygen and a charge of 3-
• An inorganic ion doesnt contain carbon
• Magnesium is necessary to make chlorophyll for plant tissues
• Iron has the charge 2+
• Adhesion is where water molecules will be attracted to other molecules or surfaces
• Cohesion is where water molecules will form hydrogen bonds between their O and H groups
• Water has a high surface tension allowing organisms to live on its surface
• Water has a high specific heat capacity meaning a constant temperature is maintained
• Water is polar so can act as a universal solvent
• Ice is denser than liquid water so will act as an insulator, preserving life beneath
• Capillary action occurs due to cohesion and adhesion acting together to pull water up a stem
• High latent heat of vaporization means that water will evaporate when it has high energy meaning, when sweating, a lot of heat is removed