MNG 3030

• What do great managers do?

  They discover what is unique about each person and then capitalize on it. Understanding and finding uniqueness in each person and utilizing those skills to benefit the company.
• What is personality?

  Unique and stable pattern of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions shown by an individual.
• How is personality measure?

  Generally through questionnaires and self-assessments
• How should personality be measured?

  Objective, behavioral observations in addition to self-reports.
• What is the role of personality and what is the interactionist perspective?

  Influence of personal qualities and influence of the situations, which is joint by both in resulting to their behavior
• How does personality and situations play into behavior?

  Behavior is a result of BOTH personality and situation interacting.
• What are the big five personality traits?

  Operness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Emotional Stability/Neuroticism.
• What is core self-evaluation?

  Self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control
• What is low and high of conscientiousness?

  Low: Spontaneous and disorganized High: Efficient, sense of duty, and organized
• What is low and high of agreeableness?

  Low: Irritable and uncooperative. High: cooperative, considerate, well-liked.
• What is low and high of neuroticism (emotional stability)?

  Low: calm, even-tempered, optimistic. High: worried, anxious, easily upset, pessimistic.
• What is low and high openness?

  Low: practical and traditional. High: creative, imaginative, loves change.
• What is low and high of extraversion?

  Low: reserved. High: outgoing, sociable, and talkative
• What is self-esteem?

  A general belief about self-worth. Low self-esteem have a harder time presenting their work. While as high self-esteem have an easier time presenting their work.
• What is self-efficacy?

  Your belief about your chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task.
• What is the locus of control?

  Your general belief regarding the extent outcomes and rewards are determined directly by a person's behavior. Internal: more responsible and effective. External: less responsible and weak mindset.
• What is the difference if self-efficacy and locus of control?

  Self-efficacy: your confidence in ability to perform behavior/task

  Locus of control: will performing behavior/task lead to desired outcome/reward
• What is organizational behavior?

  Systematic study and application of knowledge about how individual and groups act within an organization
• What is the article rewarding A, while hoping for B talks about?

  When trying to encourage a desired behavior, be sure to reward the actual behavior than a separate, but related behavior.
• What is motivation?


  The process that account for an individual's intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. How hard and long did they try to reach their goals
• What is maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

  Motivation is the function of five basic needs (lowest to highest)

  Physiological: basic and biological needs

  Safety: Protection from harm

  Love: Social needs with others

  Esteem: Feeling important to other and recognizing handwork

  Self-actualization: Self fulfillment, best version of yourself
• What is Mcgregor's Theory X and Y?

  Theory X: Employees dislike work and are lazy. Dislike responsibility and being forced to perform well. Resulting from grumpy, persistent, negative and micromanagement.

  Theory Y: Employees enjoys working and are creative, they seek responsibility and can exercise self-direction. Resulting from a teamwork and happy management
• What is Locke's Goal Setting Theory?

  SMART Goals: Act interlize and motivate people to do well in their goal and effectively help people.

  Specific, Measurable, Aligned, Reasonable, Time Bound
• What is intrinsic motivation?

  Perform tasks that gives us reward or punishment within us (internal rewards) like pride or sense of achievement.
• What is extrinsic motivation?

  The desired to perform a task in order to acquired external rewards or to avoid punishments, with external rewards, like money and grades. Not offer by others.
• What is Victor Vroom Expectancy theory of of motivation?

  1. An assessment of whether effort will lead to performance.

  2. An assessment of the likelihood of performance leading to the reward.

  3. The extent to which an individual wants a particular reward
• How does Expectancy Theory relates to self-efficacy?

  Expectancy: Can I do the task?

  Instrumentality: Will I get the reward?

  Valence: Do I value the reward?

  EPO: Effort, performance, outcome
• What does expectancy theory violations?

  Expectancy violations occur when factors interfere with the links between effort performance or performance to outcome.
• How does performance-outcome relate to expectancy violations?

  Competitive individual reward system while hoping for collaboration, information sharing, resources sharing, etc. Rewards offer base on political or other factors happen, like rewarding teamwork but rewarding individually
• How does improving motivation using expectancy theory?

  Always assume people set rational for self-interest.
• What is equity theory of motivation?

  We compare what we bring in and outcome with others around us to see if outcome is worth it.

  Equity: Both parties are getting same reward with same amount of work

  Over-reward inequity: You are getting the bigger reward despite the same amount of work

  Under-reward inequity: You are getting the lesser of a reward despite the same amount of work
• What is the equity theory points of leverage?

  Change own outcome: negotiate the pay to balance it out

  Change own input: Decreasing hours to balance scale, anything you contribute into an organization

  Change referent: Change how we compare yourself with others, different perspective
• How does individual and situational differences responses to inequity?

  Locus of control, prior level of job satisfaction, level of intrinsic motivation, and mobility-can you leave?
• What is pay transparency?

  Everyone knows how much someone can make and everything related to wages being paid among the employees. There are benefits and downsides of it.
• What is the self-determination theory (1985)?

  Instrict motivation is derived from the extent to which our fulfillment of each of these needs satisfies our desire to each. Making their own decisions.

  Three universal psychological needs: Autonomy, competence, and relatedness
• What is competence?

  Needs to be effective in dealing with environment
• What is autonomy?

  Needs to control the course of their lives, avoid micromanaging
• What is relatedness?

  Need to have close, affectionate relationship with others, work in a safe environment
• What is personal values?

  Convictions regarding what we believe is important and desirable
• What is herzberg two-factor theory?

  Not satisfied in a work place and how that affects work environment. Motivators and hygiene factors