DIgestive Enzymes

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  The enzymes in the digestive system
• What happens to large food molecules in the digestive system?

  They are digested into smaller molecules
• What do enzymes do in chemical reactions?

  They speed them up
• What are enzymes made of?

  Large protein molecules
• What is the groove on an enzyme's surface called?

  Active site
• What is the role of the substrate in enzyme activity?

  It attaches to the active site
• How does the lock and key theory relate to enzymes?

  Substrates must fit perfectly into active sites
• What type of enzymes break down proteins?

  Proteases
• Where are proteases found in the digestive system?

  In the stomach and pancreatic fluid
• What are proteins made of?

  Amino acids
• What do protease enzymes convert proteins into?

  Individual amino acids
• How are amino acids used by the body after absorption?

  They join to form human proteins
• What type of carbohydrate is starch?

  A chain of glucose molecules
• What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates like starch?

  Amylase
• Where is amylase found?

  In saliva and pancreatic fluid
• What is the structure of a lipid molecule?

  Glycerol and three fatty acids
• What enzyme digests lipids?

  Lipase
• What products result from lipid digestion?

  Glycerol and fatty acids
• Where is lipase found?

  In pancreatic fluid and small intestine
• What is the role of bile in lipid digestion?

  It emulsifies lipid droplets
• Where is bile produced and stored?

  Produced in the liver, stored in gallbladder
• How does bile affect lipid digestion?

  It increases the surface area of droplets
• What is the pH nature of bile?

  Bile is alkaline
• How does bile help in the small intestine?

  It neutralizes stomach acids
• What is the effect of bile on the rate of lipid digestion?

  It increases the rate of digestion
• Where can you find questions on enzymes in the digestive system?

  In the vision workbook
• What are the main enzymes involved in digestion and their functions?

  • Proteases: Break down proteins into amino acids
  • Amylase: Break down carbohydrates like starch into simple sugars
  • Lipase: Break down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
• What is the role of bile in digestion?

  • Emulsifies lipid droplets
  • Increases surface area for lipase action
  • Neutralizes stomach acids in the small intestine