Midterm

• How is culture defined?

  Membership in a community with shared history
• How is culture developed according to communication perspective?

  Through verbal and non-verbal communication
• What are the characteristics of Monochronic Culture?

  • One task at a time
  • Serious about commitments
  • Respect for privacy
  • Short-term relationships
• What are the characteristics of Polychronic Culture?

  • Multitasking
  • Easy lending and borrowing
  • Lifetime relationships
• Which regions typically have Monochronic Culture?

  North America and most European countries
• Which regions typically have Polychronic Culture?

  Latin America, Africa, and Asia
• What does a Collectivist Culture emphasize?

  Community, collaboration, and maintaining harmony
• What does an Individualistic Culture prioritize?

  Personal rights, privacy, and self-expression
• What characterizes a High-Context Culture?

  Indirect communication and implicit messages
• Which countries typify High-Context Culture?

  China, Japan, and South Korea
• What characterizes a Low-Context Culture?

  Direct communication and clear encoding
• What are the characteristics of High-Contact Cultures?

  • Warmer countries near the equator
  • Acceptable social touching
  • Examples: Latin America and Mediterranean
• What are the characteristics of Low-Contact Cultures?

  • Cooler countries farther from the equator
  • Rare social touching
  • Examples: North America
• What is required for effective Intercultural Communication?

  Understanding dominant cultural values and biases
• What are the key components of cultural diversity in Intercultural Communication?

  1. Recognition of cultural diversity
  2. Respect for differences
  3. Validity of cultural expressions
  4. Valuing contributions of other cultures
  5. Encouraging diverse group contributions
  6. Empowering individuals to overcome bias
  7. Celebrating differences for unity
• What is ethnocentrism?

  The belief in the superiority of one's culture
• What are cultural taboos?

  Practices deemed improper by a society
• How does personal space relate to communication?

  Defines relationships based on gender and status
• Who is Ferdinand de Saussure?

  A Swiss linguist who studied signs
• What are the two main components of a sign according to Saussure?

  Signifier and signified
• What does cultural sensitivity refer to?

  Understanding that cultures vary without judgment
• Who first used the term 'register'?

  Thomas Bertam Reid in 1956
• What does 'register' refer to in language?

  Variety of language used in social settings
• What are the five language registers identified by Martin Joos?

  1. Static or Frozen Register
  2. Formal Register
  3. Consultative Register
  4. Casual Register
  5. Intimate Register
• What is the Static or Frozen Register?

  Language that rarely or never changes
• What is the Formal Register used for?

  Used in formal and impersonal settings
• What is the Consultative Register?

  Used in professional discourse with experts
• What characterizes the Casual Register?

  Informal language with slang and colloquialisms
• What is the Intimate Register used for?

  Private communication between close individuals
• What does Hyme's SPEAKING model describe?

  • S: Setting or Scene
  • P: Participants
  • E: Ends
  • A: Acts Sequence
  • K: Cues
  • I: Instrumentalities
  • N: Norms of Interaction
  • G: Genre
• What is communicative competence?

  Ability to use appropriate language in contexts
• What principle governs all forms of communication?

  Politeness
• What is the significance of language register in communication?

  • Essential for competent speaking
  • Involves politically correct language
  • Creates inclusive and non-discriminatory communication
• What are some popular communication tools in virtual communities?

  1. Discord
  2. Facebook
  3. Instagram
  4. Kumu
  5. LinkedIn
  6. Pinterest
  7. Spotify
• What is Discord known for?

  A communication tool for online gaming
• Who developed Facebook?

  Mark Zuckerberg and Harvard students
• What can users do on Facebook?

  Add/block friends and share content
• What is Instagram primarily used for?

  Sharing pictures and videos
• What is Kumu known for?

  A fast-growing social network in the Philippines
• What does LinkedIn focus on?

  Managing professional identity in networking