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Microbiology
Ch.4/5
Structure of the cell
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Cards (40)
How much smaller is a prokaryotic cell than a eukaryotic cell?
Ten times
What does a eukaryotic cell have that a prokaryotic cell doesn't?
A neucleus and organelles
What do eukaryotic and
prokaryotic
cells both
have
?
DNA
What is the cell wall made or also known as?
Peptidoglycan
What does the envelope of a cell contain?
A
cell membrane
,
cell wall
(
pep
), and
outer membrane
What does the envelope in the cell separate?
The inside from the outside of the cell
What is cytoplasm made of?
Water and proteins
True or False: A prokaryotic cell is a bacterial cell?
True
What do prokaryotes have instead of a nucleus?
A nucleoid region
Describe inclusions?
They're membrane enclosed storage areas, e.g. vacuoles
What do storage granules store?
Excess material, such as excess water and sugars
What are vacuoles?
Storage granules/structures that store excess material
Does a gram neg or gram pos cell contain an outer membrane?
Gram neg
How's the peptidoglycan layer different in the gram pos cell different?
It's thicker and made of different acids
What do the gram pos and gram neg cell both have in common?
They both have an inner cell membrane
Why do myoplams bacteria have varying shapes?
They have no cell wall
What does the cell wall do to a cell (form)?
It gives it its shape
What's the function of porins in the gram- cell?
They're channels that allow materials to go through
In which organisms is the peptidoglycan layer only found?
Bacterial cells
What does pencillin inhibit?
Cell wall formation
Why are the sugars strung together *NAM/NAG?
Due to peptido
What's the function of pili and fimbrae?
Fimbrae is for attachment and Pili is for mating
Why are fimbrae also referred to as appendages?
Because they're sticking out of the cell
Where are cilia only found (cells)?
Eukaryotic cells
What do s.mutans use adhesins for?What else do they use for attachment?
To stick to teeth and the slime layer
What's the function of flagella?
Movement
What is conjugation?
The movement of DNA from one cell to another
How do Bacteria move thru flagella?
Taxis
Desiccation?
The process of removing moisture from something.
What bacteria causes pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
,
What bacteria causes tooth decay ?
S.mutans
What is the slime layer associated with on teeth?
Biofilm
What is an endospore?Why do bacteria form this?
An endospore is a highly resistant structure. Bacteria form endospores as a survival strategy to withstand harsh environmental conditions.
What cell forms endospores?
Vegetative cells
Define sporogenisis?
Formation of endospores
Which type of bacteria typically form endospores?
Bacillus and Clostridium
What is the only way to destroy endospores?
Through high temperatures (121 C) and pressures (15-20 lbs)
Do endospores reproduce? Yes or No?
No
Describe the shapes of bacteria?
Coccus=
round
; bacillus=
rod
(
pill
); spiral=
curved
What are ways bacteria grow?
Single; diplo (in pairs); Strepto (chains); Staphylo (grape shape)