biological molecules

• what are the monomers of carbohydrates

  • glucose
  • fructose and galactose
• what is the test for reducing sugars & protein

  • protein= bieuret
  • reducing sugars= benedict
• what is the structure of starch

  starch is a polysaccharide composed of amylose and amylopectin
• Proteins structure : what is the primary structure & secondary structure

  • Primary structure: sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain, determines the structure of polypeptide and its function
  • Secondary structure: hydrogen bonds form between amino acid chains, causing the polypeptide to coil into alpha helix or fold into beta-pleated sheets
• In secondary structure, hydrogen bonds form between amino acid chains, causing the polypeptide to coil into alpha helix or fold into beta pleated sheets
• Which two polysaccharides are used for energy storage in organisms?

  starch and glycogen
• What are the three main groups of carbohydrates?

  monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharides
• how many standard amino acids are there

  20
• Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides are linked together by a glycosidic bond.
• describe how amino acids are joined together to form a dipeptide?

  Dipeptides are formed by the condensation of two amino acids. peptide bond forms between OH of carboxyl group and H of amine group.
• what is the test for proteins

  The Biuret test
• whats the colour if protein is present

  blue to purple
• How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

  Enzymes increase rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy of the reaction they catalyse.