Genetic information,variation

• what is a gene

  a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein
• What are the three components of nucleotides?

  Pentose sugar, phosphate group, organic base
• DNA is made up of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four organic bases
• Hydrogen bonds between the bases in DNA form a helix shape.
• What is the role of DNA?

  Carries genetic information
• RNA is made up of a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four organic bases
• RNA is single-stranded.
• What is the role of RNA?

  Transfers genetic information
• Match the type of base with its examples:

  Purine ↔️ Adenine, guanine

  Pyrimidine ↔️ Cytosine, thymine, uracil
• Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?

  Nucleus
• In prokaryotic cells, DNA is short, circular, and not associated with proteins
• What is the genetic code?

  Order of bases on DNA
• Each codon in the genetic code is only read once.
• The genetic code is degenerate because more than one triplet codes for the same amino acid
• What does it mean for the genetic code to be universal?

  Same bases used by all species
• What is a gene?

  Sequence of bases on DNA
• The fixed position on a DNA molecule occupied by a gene is called a locus
• What are alleles?

  Different versions of the same gene
• What are exons?

  Regions of DNA that code for amino acids
• Regions of DNA that do not code for anything are called introns