biology

• The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities.
• Cholesterol helps maintain fluidity and stability of the membrane.
• Phospholipid bilayer forms the basic structure of the plasma membrane.
• Cell membrane is composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates.
• Ribosomes facilitate protein synthesis by linking amino acids together in the precise sequence specified by the cell's mRNA.
• Peroxisomes are small sacs found in plant and animal cells that contain oxidative enzymes responsible for breaking down toxic substances such as alcohol and fatty acids.
• The nucleus contains the cell's DNA and directs the synthesis of proteins and RNA needed for cell activities.
• what does genome mean?

  The entire set of genetic material in an organism
• Some genes can cause specific diseases, what are these called?

  Inherited diseases
• What are amino acids?

  Building blocks of proteins.
• What is the function of the glands (a type of cell)

  To produce hormones
• What is the function of the muscle cells?

  To contract
• What is the function of the neurone cell?

  To carry impulses
• What is the central nervous system?

  The central nervous system is the part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.

  It controls and coordinates functions in the body
• What is a coordinator?

  Formulates a suitable response to a stimulus
• Muscle cells use oxygen for respiration.

  Explain why muscle cells need to respire?

  Muscle cells need to respire to release energy for movement. They also need to respire so the muscles can contract
• How does the treatment a replacement valve work?

  Makes sure blood flows in one direction
• How does the statins treatment work?

  Reduces blood cholesterol concentration
• How does the stent treatment work?

  Keeps coronary arteries open
• Which organ contains coronary arteries?

  Heart
• Some medical drugs can be produced using genetically modified (GM) bacteria.

  How are GM bacteria produced?

  Genes are transferred into the bacteria
• What is one benefit of producing drugs using GM bacteria?

  Large quantities of the drug can be produced
• What does genetically modified (GM) mean?

  containing genetic material that has been artificially altered so as to produce a desired characteristic.
• Suggest one reason why some people disagree with the use of GM animals

  Religious beliefs

  Cruel

  The animals may spread a disease

  Animals are killed
• Traditional classification placed organisms in groups based on appearance.

  Modern classification places organisms in groups based on DNA
• Which enzyme is produced in the stomach?

  Protease
• Why is the pH of the stomach described as acidic?

  Because it produces hydrochloric acid
• Which organ produces bile?

  Liver
• How does bile help in the digestion of foods?

  It increases the surface area of fats
• Food molecule- Starch

  Iodine solution
• Food molecule-Sugar

  Benedict's solution
• Equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells

  glucose—>lactic acid
• Which organ in a plant absorbs water from the cell?

  Roots
• Give one use of sugars in a plant

  to produce starch
• What does the drug ‘cannabis’ do?

  May cause mental illness in some people
• What does the drug ‘steroid‘ do?

  Uses to increase muscle growth
• What does the drug ‘stimulant’ do?

  Used to boost heart rate
• What does the drug ‘thalidomide’ do?

  Used to treat leprosy
• Suggest a factor that a doctor might consider before deciding which treatment to use for a patient

  side effects

  cost

  other medication

  age

  medical conditions
• Oxygen moves from the air inside the lungs into the blood by the process of diffusion