Organic Chemistry

• alkene

  
• halogenoalkane

  
• alcohol

  
• aldehyde

  
• ketone

  
• carboxylic acid

  
• ester

  
• amine

  
• nitrile

  
• Catenation is the ability to form bonds between atoms of the same element.
• Carbon atoms can be arranged in straight chains, branched chains, and rings.
• Molecular Formula: The exact number of atoms of each element present in the molecule
• Empirical Formula: The simplest whole number ratio of the atoms in the molecule
• Functional Group: a specific atom or group of atoms which confer certain physical and chemical properties onto the molecule
• Homologous series: organic compounds with the same functional group, but with each successive member different by CH2
• Hydrocarbons: compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms only

  • always nonpolar
• Alkanes: simplest hydrocarbon with no functional group, carbon and hydrogen atoms are bonded to each other with single covalent bonds
• Pentane:

  • Boiling point: 36 C
  • State at room temp.: liquid
• Primary alcohol

  
• Secondary alcohol

  
• Tertiary Alcohol

  
• Halogenoalkane is the quickest way to make something polar
• Aldehydes have a lemon, citrus smell
• Ketone:

  • keto diets
  • fats break down into ketones, less carbs
• Esters give delicious smells

  • think perfumes