PCD cutie!!

• CONCRETE is a mixture of sand, gravel, crushed rock, or other aggregates held together in a rocklike mass with a paste of cement and water
• Sometimes one or more admixtures are added to change certain characteristics of the concrete such as its workability, durability, and time of hardening.
• As with most rocklike substances, concrete has a high compressive strength and a very low tensile strength.
• Reinforced concrete is a combination of concrete and steel wherein the

  steel reinforcement provides the tensile strength lacking in the concrete.
• Steel reinforcing is also capable of resisting compression forces and is used in columns as well as in other situations
• Prestressed concrete is a system devised to provide sufficient precompression in the concrete beam by tensioned steel wires, cables, or rods that under working conditions the concrete has no tensile stresses or the tensile stresses are so low that no visible cracking occurs
• MOMENT RESISTING FRAME


  Specially design to resist earthquake, wind and gravity loads (lateral forces)
• Hold the suspended floor (gravity loads)


  SPACE FRAME
• Only composed of column and girders


  SPACE FRAME
• Connection between horizontal and vertical frames.

  SPACE FRAME
• FRAME

  2D (Truss) is composed of braces (resist lateral deformation) that holds diagonal members
• Formation of elements/members (vertical, horizontal, diagonal)


  FRAME
• two types of FLOOR LOADS

  Dead Loads

  Live Loads
• examples of DEAD LOADS

  Superimposed dead load

  Self-weight of slab

  Ceiling, Mechanical wirings, etc.
• LIVE LOADS


  Non-permanent floor load
• MONOLITHIC FLOOR

  Girder and slab are simultaneously poured and are rigidly connected. They act as one.
• NON-MONOLITHIC FLOOR

  Beams/Girders and slab are separately created and connected afterwards
• SLAB


  Flat, horizontal panel that support the floor; can be supported by beams/girders on edges or directly by columns.
• TYPE OF SLAB according to method of construction.

  Precast

  Cast-in-place

  Monolithic
• PRECAST SLAB has beforehand been cast with or without reinforcement in manufacturing works conditions, and then carried and assembled on site.
• CAST-IN-PLACE SLAB


  Cast on site
• MONOLITHIC SLAB

  the slab and beams are constructed as one single concrete pour
• ONE-WAY SLAB

  Composed of short and long strips intersecting with each other