Chapter 28

• Eukaryotes

  • Membrane bound nuclei
  • Membrane bound organelles
  • Sexual life cycles
  • Linear chromosomes
  • Cytoskeletons
• Syngamy - fusion of two cells together

  • Plasmogamy - the first half of syngamy; cell membrane and cytoplasm fuse
  • Karyogamy - second half of syngamy; nuclei fuse
• Zygote is always the product of syngamy
• Spore - designed for dormancy and dispersion

  • Can be haploid or diploid
  • Can never become a gamete
• Most protists are unicellular
• The Eukaryotic Supergroups:

  • Excavata
  • SAR
  • Archaeplastida
  • Unikonta
• Excavata

  • have an 'excavated' feeding groove on one side of the cell body
  • modified mitochondria
  • unique flagella
• Diplomonads

  • protist with a mitosome (modified mitochondria)
  • 2 equal-sized nuclei.
  • Cannot use oxygen for energy.
  • Multiple Flagella
• SAR

  • Comprised of three
  • Stramenopiles
  • Alveolates
  • Rhizarians
• Stramenopiles

  • Many fine, hairlike flagella
  • Part of SAR
• Alveolates

  • Characterized by alveoli, membrane bound sacs just under the plasma membrane
  • Part of SAR
• Rhizarians

  • Many are amoebas - protists that have pseudopodia ('false feet')
  • Part of SAR
• Archaeplastida

  • Closest living algal relatives of plants
  • Red Algae
  • Green Algae
• Unikonta

  • Also called Amorphea
  • Supergroup that contains, animals, plants, fungi and some protists
• Amoebozoans

  • Lobe or tube shaped pseudopodia
  • Part of the Unikonta supergroup