week 3

• what are capillary punctures also called?

  dermal punctions and or fingers/heel sticks
• when are capillary test preformed?

  test that requires capillary blood, small amount of blood, if the patient does not have an accessible vein, or is at risk for iatrogenic anemia
• what is the preferred method for infants younger than 1 year old?

  capillary collection
• adult capillaries are preformed where?

  middle and ring fingers of the non dominate hand
• what are they 3 types of blood that capillaries are made of?

  capillary, veinous, and artierial
• capillary blood is used for what?

  point of care testing including glucose, cholesterol, and hematocrit
• what is point of care testing?

  laboratory testing conducted close to the site of patient care
• which finger do you use for fingerstick collection?

  middle or ring finger of the non dominate hand
• what do you do with the first drop of blood from a fingerstick?

  wipe away the blood
• why do you wipe away the first drop of blood?

  helps remove any alcohol or tissue/interstitial fluid
• when should you never preform a fingerstick?

  on a finger that is cold, cyanotic (blue), scarred, swollen or has a rash or thickly callused
• what is the maximum depth that an automatic lancet device can be used?

  no deeper than 2.0 inches
• what do you apply to an infants heel to promote blood flow and for how long?

  heel warmer for 3 to 5 minutes
• what are the best sides for a heel stick?

  lateral or medial sides of the heel
• what does lateral mean?

  the middle of the body
• what does distal mean?

  outside or away from the body
• why do we follow the order of draw?

  to minimize opportunities for carry over
• what is the order of draw when it comes to micro sampling?

  blood gas, lavender, green, serum
• what are new born screenings?

  state required blood specimens that are collected onto specific forms or cards
• what does screening in newborns aid in?

  early detection of genetic, metabolic and infectious diseases and disorders
• when are blood spot testing for newborns preformed?

  before the newborn is 72 hours old
• if the specimen is collected before the newborn is 24 hrs old, when should the second specimen be obtained?

  for up to 2 weeks of age
• screenings aid in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of the following conditions?

  cystic fibrosis, hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria (pku), galactosemia, biotinidase, sickle cell disease, hiv, and toxoplasma
• what must you allow blood spots to do and what must you avoid?

  allow to air dry for 3 hours at room temp and avoid direct sunlight and heat
• blood smears can be prepared via what?

  dermal puncture or venipunctures
• how are dermal punctures preformed?

  blood is applied directly from the finger on to the slide
• what tube is used for blood smears?

  edta lavender tubes
• when the blood smear is collected in a edta tube, how long do you have to preform the smear?

  within 1 hour of being collected
• what is the wedge method used for?

  to create a feathered edge
• when preforming a manual slide smear, what hand do you hold the slider and at what angle?

  with your dominant hand at a 30 to 35 angle
• what are the 4 communications styles?

  intuitive, analytical, functional, personal
• what is the most fundamental component of communications?

  listening
• signs of active listening included?

  smile, eye contact, erect posture, attention to what the speaker is conveying, and respect patients' personal space
• what is verbal communication?

  the sharing of information using recognizable spoken words
• what is non verbal communication?

  behavior that complement, negates, or substitute spoken
• what is therapeutic communication?

  interaction that aims to enhance the comfort, safety, trust, health, and well being of the patient
• what is the objective of therapeutic communications?

  to communicate using terminology the patient understands
• therapeutic communications uses specific strategies that convey what?

  understanding and respect
• what are some examples of non therapeutic communication?

  advising, agreeing/disagree, defending, disapproving, giving approval, making stereotypical comments, minimalizing feelings, probing, and reassuring
• what do patients have the right to?

  to fully understand information regarding their care