How to Name Compounds (chem)

• Ionic compound

  Metal with + charge and nonmetal with a - charge (must be balanced)
• Nonmetal compounds end with...


  -ide
• Covalent/Molecular compounds 


  Only nonmetals.

  Never balance charges.

  Prefixes are used to present subscripts or the amount of each individual element.
• Prefixes covalent compounds:

  1


  mono-
• Prefixes covalent compounds:

  2


  di-
• Prefixes covalent compounds:

  3


  tri-
• Prefixes covalent compounds:

  4


  tetra-
• Prefixes covalent compounds:

  5


  penta-
• Prefixes covalent compounds:

  6


  hexa-
• Prefixes covalent compounds:

  7


  hepta-
• Prefixes covalent compounds:

  8


  octa-
• Prefixes covalent compounds:

  9


  nona-
• Prefixes covalent compounds:

  10


  deca-
• Ionic compounds 


  Metal+nonmetal
• Ionic compounds name


  The compound name for ionic and covalent compounds are always in lower case.
• Compound name (Ionic) to chemical formula


  1} Identify the symbol and charge of the metal and non metal (if charges are the same and opposite signs, they cancel out). 2} Make sure charges are balanced/the same. If not, there is need for a subscript.
• Compound name (ionic) to chemical formula

  Non balanced charges


  1} identify the symbol and charge of the metal and nonmetal.

  2} Make sure the charges are balanced. We have to add a subscript. By multiplying the charge by something to get the same number but opposite charge.

  
• Where does the subscript goes in an unbalanced ionic compound?


  The one with only 1 charge (smaller)?
• Ionic compounds

  Chemical formula to compound name:


  1} Identify the metal and nonmetal, don't worry about charges.

  2} make sure the nonmetal ends in -ide.
• The nonmetal in ionic compounds always finishes in...


  -ide
• Transitional metals consist of?


  Transitional metal + Roman numeral + nonmetal (ending in -ide)
• Te Román numeral tells us the charge of...


  The transitional metal.

  Ex: and so on

  I =+1

  II = +2
• Transitional metals end with?

  -ous if they have a charge of +1/+2

  -ic if they have a charge of +3... And so on
• Transitional metals

  Compound name to chemical formula

  1/ identify the Roman numeral -> charge of transitional metal and the transitional metal

  2/ identify the symbol and charge of the nonmetal

  3/ make sure charges are balanced. If not add a subscript so the charges balance out

  3/
• Chemical formula to compound name

  Transitional metals


  1/ identify the metal and nonmetal. The charges of each so you can determine the Roman number for the transitional metal.

  2/if there are no subscripts, the charges must be the same number, so they cancel out. (Need to check the following element)

  3/ write the name of metal, the Roman number and nonmetal (finish on -ide)
• If the elements of an ionic compound have different subscripts, you can work backwards and see that the subscripts are the charges for the opposite elements.

  Ex: Fe2O3

  Fe has a +3 charge

  O has a -2 charge
• When there is only one subscript in the nonmetal element, the charge of the metal must be the subscript multiplied by the original charge of the nonmetal element.

  Ex: NiO2

  Oxygen = -2

  So, -2*2= -4

  Then Ni must be +4

  Ni +4 O -2
• Polyatomic ions


  Consists of multiple nonmetals combined.
• Polyatomic ions

  Compound name to chemical formula

  1/ identify the metal and polyatomic ion and their charges. (Name)

  2/make sure it's balanced. If not add a subscript. (Whenever a polyatomic ion needs a subscript, put the entire polyatomic ion in parentheses).
• If a polyatomic ion does not need a subscript, we do not use parentheses.
• Polyatomic ions

  Chemical formula to compound name 


  1/ identify the metal and polyatomic ion, don't worry about balancing charges. The subscript on the polyatomic ion is important since it helps you identify which polyatomic ion it is.

  2/ write the name of the metal followed by the name of the polyatomic ion.
• Transitional metals and polyatomic ions

  Compound name to chemical formula

  Consists of:

  Transitional metal

  +

  Roman number

  +

  Polyatomic ion
• Transitional metals and polyatomic ions Compound name to chemical formula

  1/ identify the symbol and charge of the metal and polyatomic ion.

  2/make sure the balances are the same. If not add a subscript.

  *If the polyatomic ion needs a subscript, it needs parentheses
• Transitional metals and polyatomic ions

  Chemical formula to compound name

  1. Identify the metal and polyatomic ion along with charges to determine the Roman number for the transitional metal. *If there is no subscript then the charges must be the same (last element charge).
  2. Then we name the name of metal + the Roman number + nonmetal (polyatomic ion)
• Covalent compounds

  Compounds name to chemical formula 


  Consists of nonmetal + nonmetal
• Covalent compounds Compounds name to chemical formula

  1/ identify what each prefix means and identify each element, don't worry about charges.

  2/ add the prefix as a subscript of the elements

  Ex: dinitrogen pentoxide

  Nitrogen= N. di=2 So, N2

  Pent= 5 Oxide= O So, 05

  N2O5
• Never balance charges for covalent compounds.
• In covalent compounds, the prefix is the subscript for that element.
• Covalent compounds

  Chemical formula to compound name

  1/ identify the element and it's prefix according to the give subscript.

  2/ add the prefix to the elements' name.
• Mono prefix


  Never used for the 1st element, only for the second element if there is only one