Increased social tensions in the 1920s

• What was the purpose of the Quota Act of 1921?

  To limit immigration
• The Quota Act of 1921 limited immigration from outside the Western Hemisphere to 357,000
• The Quota Act of 1921 aimed to maintain the ethnic mix of the USA based on the 1920 census.
• What was the National Origins Act of 1924 designed to do?

  Reduce Southern and Eastern European immigration
• The National Origins Act lowered the annual immigration quota to approximately 164,000
• Timeline of immigration quota reductions in the USA during the 1920s

  1️⃣ Quota Act of 1921 sets annual limit at 357,000

  2️⃣ National Origins Act of 1924 lowers limit to 164,000

  3️⃣ 1929 quota reduction to 150,000
• Why did middle and upper-class Americans fear communism?

  It threatened their wealth and power
• The idea of a communist government became a reality after the revolution in Russia
• The Comintern was a Soviet organization that promoted worldwide revolution.
• What types of ideas did immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe bring to the USA?

  Communist and anarchist ideas
• In 1919, there were approximately 3,600 strikes across the USA
• Which attorney general was targeted by bomb attacks in 1919, leading to the Palmer Raids?

  Alexander Palmer
• The General Intelligence Division, later part of the FBI, was headed by John Edgar Hoover.
• The General Intelligence Division was created to spy on and arrest members of radical groups.
• When did the Palmer Raids begin?

  November 7, 1919
• The peak of the Palmer Raids occurred on January 2, 1920, in 33 cities.
• What crime were Sacco and Vanzetti convicted of in 1920?

  Armed robbery
• Sacco and Vanzetti, who were both anarchists, believed they were arrested due to their connection to the 1919 Red Scare bombings.
• Sacco and Vanzetti were found guilty in 1921 and sentenced to death by electrocution.
• What was the status of Black Americans in 1918 after the end of slavery?

  They had not achieved equality
• The Jim Crow laws were passed in the South to segregate society.
• Lynch mobs often operated without government intervention and targeted Black Americans with violence.
• What caused the Great Migration of Black Americans to the North?

  Racist violence in the South
• Why was the original Ku Klux Klan formed after the American Civil War?

  To defend white supremacy
• The original KKK was struck down in 1871 due to its violence, but underground groups continued to work for white supremacy.
• The film "The Birth of a Nation" influenced the second founding of the KKK by portraying the Klan as heroes.
• Who organized the second founding of the KKK in 1915?

  William Simmons
• Match the KKK core values with their descriptions:

  WASP supremacy ↔️ Belief that White Anglo-Saxon Protestants are a superior race

  Anti-immigration ↔️ Belief that foreigners threaten WASP power

  Christian values ↔️ Belief in strict adherence to Christian principles
• By 1923, the KKK had 5 million members spread across 4,000 chapters.
• What did Fundamentalists believe about the Bible?

  Everything in it happened
• The Anti-Evolution League of America was formed to oppose the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution
• The Butler Act in Tennessee made it illegal to teach the theory of evolution.
• Who led the prosecution in the Scopes Trial?

  William Jennings Bryan
• The defense in the Scopes Trial was led by Clarence Darrow
• The Butler Act remained in force until 1967.
• Major impacts of the Scopes Trial

  1️⃣ Helped religious debate gain national attention

  2️⃣ The trial was the first to be reported verbatim on national radio

  3️⃣ Damaged the cause of Fundamentalism
• What opportunity did Prohibition provide for organized crime in the 1920s?

  Increased illegal alcohol production
• One of the most successful gangsters during Prohibition was Al Capone
• Al Capone earned over $10 million annually from organized crime at his peak.
• What was the St. Valentine's Day Massacre an example of?

  Organized crime violence