Health 10 - Quarter 2

• Anatomy is derived from a Greek word anatome meaning 'to cut up'.
• Anatomy - the study of the structure that mke up the body and how those structures relate with each other.
• Two Types of Anatomy: Gross and Microscopic Anatomy
• Gross Anatomy - studies body structure without microscope.
• Microscopic Anatomy - requires a microscope to examine/study tissues that form the various organs of the body at a cellular level
• Physiology - the study of how the body and its part work or function
• Four Types of Physiology: Cell, Special, Systemic, Pathophysiology
• Cell Physiology - study of function of cells
• Special Physiology - study of functions of organs
• Systemic Physiology - study of functions of body/organ system
• Pathophysiology - study of effects of diseases on tissue/organs
• Levels of Organisation: Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
• Cell - basic unit of life; the basic structure and function of living organisms
• Tissue - group of similar cells that perform a specialized function
• Organ - structure consisteing of a group of tissues that perform a specialized function
• Organ Systems - groups of organs working together to carry out specific functions
• Organism - consists of all the systems arranged in a discrete manner, facilitating functioning of the various organ systems in synchronicity
• Eight Anatomical Directions: Superior, Inferior, Posterior, Anterior, Medial, Lateral, Superficial, Deep
• Superior - towards the head (upwards)
• Inferior - towards the feet (downwards)
• The kidney is inferior to the lung
• The lung is superior to the kidneys
• Anterior - towards the front
• The chest is anterior to the back
• Posterior - towards the back
• The back is posterior to the chest
• Medial - towards the midline of the body
• The heart is medial to the lungs
• Lateral - away from the midline of the body
• The lungs are medial to the shoulders
• Superficial - towards the surface of the body
• The chest is superficial to the ribs
• Deep - further from the surface of the body
• The dermis is deep to the epidermis
• The heart is inferior to the brain
• The urethra is deep to the penis
• The abdomen is superficial to the small intestine
• The nose is superior to the mouth
• The butt is posterior to the genitals
• Nervous System - network of neurons whose main feature is to generate, modulate, and transmit information between all the different parts of the human body.