Biotechnology

• Two Types of Pneumococcal strains:

  1. Smooth Strain // “S” strain - it is because the strain has a smooth surface
  2. Rough Strain // “R” strain - meanwhile, this strain has a rough surface 
•  There are two types of bases : 

  1. Purines (large bases) 

  • Adenine and Guanine

  1. Pyrimidines  (small bases) 

  • Cytosine and Thymine 
• 3 Possible Methods of DNA Replication 

  1. Conservative Replication 
  2. Semiconservative Replication
  3. Dispersive Replication
• Cell cycles are what cells go through when they divide.
• In cell division - - mitosis or meiosis appears
• Egg cell and sperm cell - meiosis 
• All eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, and fungi) - mitosis 
• Eukaryotes have multiple origins while prokaryotes have only one.
• With the DNA having 2 strands, the helicase unzips the two strands of DNA. 
• DNA Polymerase - the builder
• Primase makes the primer so that DNA polymerase can figure out where to start to work. 
• The primer, though, is actually made of RNA
• Ligase - the gluer
• dna to dna replication

  dna to rna transcription

  rna to protein translation
• The kingdom monera was separated into two domains: Archaea and bacteria