English

• Primordial means existing from the beginning
• Coil means series of loop or spiral
• Omnipotence means agency or force of unlimited power
• Blaspheme means to speak of or address with irreverence
• Throng means to crowd together in great numbers
• Lamentation is a crying out in grief
• Scourge is to beat as if by blows of a whip
• retrogade is being or relating to the rotation of a satellite in a direction opposite to that of a body orbited
• Inferno is by Dante Alighieri
• Dante Alighieri is excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church
• Dante Alighieri was exiled from his home in Florence, Italy
• Dante Alighieri is the author of The Divine Comedy
• the divine comedy is an epic poem split into 3 parts: the inferno, purgatorio, and paradiso
• the divine comedy is a religious allegory
• virgil is the roman author of the aenid, the national epic of rome
• virgil is dante's guide through hell
• virgil lived and died before the establishment of Christ's teachings in rome and therefore cannot enter heaven
• virgil commands many creatures in hell with his strong powers of reason, but not able to dominate all of them and is at times fearful himself
• dante alighieri is the author and protagonist of the divine comedy
• dante alighieri lost his way in life and is rescued by virgil who leads him on a journey to enlightenment
• virgil reprimands dante when he sympathises with sinners
• God is the designer of hell and central force that governs it
• God is the supreme power, wisdom and love
• Neither human pity nor reason can challenge God's justice
• basic definition of evil is all that is contrary to God's will
• satan is also known as lucifer or dis
• satan is embedded in a frozen marsh at the center of the earth which is at the bottom of the pit of hell
• satan was punished for rebelling against God in an attempt to be His equal
• Satan has 3 sets of wings and 3 faces. in each of his mouths, he chews an archetypal traitor: judas, the betrayer of Christ; and brutus and cassius, the betrayer of julius caesar
• the recurrence of the number 3 in satan's appearance in hell is a reference to his desire to be more beautiful than God the Trinity
• beatrice is one of the blessed souls in Heaven
• beatrice sends virgil to guide dante through hell
• beatrice was a woman dante loved passionately throughout his life despite the fact that she married another man and died at a young age
• charon is an old bearded man with fiery eyes who ferries souls entering hell across the river acheron
• minos is the king of crete
• minos is the monstrous judge who sits at the entrance to the 2nd circle of hell
• sinners confess to minos and after winding his tail around them, the number of circles they must descend, he throws them down
• paolo and francesca of rimini are 2 lovers punished in the 2nd circle for an adulterous love affair inspired by the story of lancelot and guinevere
• cerberus is a mythological 3-headed dog placed by dante as the guard of the gluttonous in the inferno
• virgil threw clods of earth into each of its throats to silence it